A water treatment device includes: an electrode structure installed in a storage space in which water is stored or in a flow space in which water flows so as to cause an underwater plasma discharge; and a gas supply module for supplying a gas to the storage space or the flow space such that bubbles are supplied underwater, as a discharge gas, to the electrode structure, wherein the electrode structure includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode; and a dielectric member disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A water treatment system comprises a source of water including one or more contaminants, an electrocoagulation cell including a housing defining a fluid flow conduit, an anode disposed within the fluid flow conduit, and a cathode disposed within the fluid flow conduit, the housing including an inlet fluidly connectable to the source of water and an outlet, a solids/liquid separation system having an inlet fluidly connectable to the outlet of the housing of the electrocoagulation cell, a solids-rich outlet, and a solids-lean outlet, and a ballast feed system configured to deliver a ballast to the solids/liquid separation system.

A hydrogen addition device adds hydrogen to a biocompatible solution of a liquid containing body formed by the biocompatible solution sealed in a molecular hydrogen permeable container. The hydrogen addition device is provided with a tank for housing the unopened liquid containing body, a hydrogen water generator for producing dissolved hydrogen water formed by water with hydrogen dissolved therein to supply to the tank, and a heating portion for heating the dissolved hydrogen water in the tank to warm the biocompatible solution of the liquid containing body.

A hydrogen addition device adds hydrogen to a biocompatible solution of a liquid containing body formed by the biocompatible solution sealed in a molecular hydrogen permeable container. The hydrogen addition device is provided with a tank for housing the unopened liquid containing body, a hydrogen water generator for producing dissolved hydrogen water formed by water with hydrogen dissolved therein to supply to the tank, and a heating portion for heating the dissolved hydrogen water in the tank to warm the biocompatible solution of the liquid containing body.

The polarization and turbulent water ionizer intended for white and sanitary conveniences comprising a hollow body with a system of through-flow openings for inlet and outlet of water fitted with systems of electrodes arranged inside in an alternating manner, made of differently conductive materials and stabilized within spacers is further resolved in a manner where the cylindrical or flat electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode have turbulent openings (3) and/or deflected turbulent fans (4), where the hollow body (5) is fitted with a shield (6) protecting against electromagnetic field. In one embodiment the axes of the cylindrical electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode are arranged inside the hollow body (5) and oriented perpendicularly to the through-flow openings (7). In the other case, the axes of the flat electrodes (1) of the anode and of the electrodes (2) of the cathode are arranged inside the hollow body (5) and oriented axially with reference to the through-flow openings (7). The shield (6) protecting against electromagnetic field applied on the inner side of the hollow body (5) refers to a metallic grid/gauze and/or a metallic plate.

An electrocoagulation (EC) unit that performs an electrocoagulation process on wastewater or the like. In one embodiment, the EC unit includes a reaction tank formed from a non-conductive material, charge plates within the reaction tank that are spaced at a distance, intermediate plates disposed within the reaction tank between the charge plates, and plate conductors configured to electrically couple the charge plates to a power source. The bottom of the reaction tank tapers toward one or more ports which act as an ingress and egress point for the EC unit.

A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen gas whereby a nanobubble generator introduces nanobubbles at a concentration of at least 10.sup.7 nanobubbles per cm.sup.3 into an electrolytic cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a hydrogen-containing, electrolyzable liquid, and the electrolytic cell is operated to produce hydrogen gas.

The present disclosure provides methods, electrodes, and systems for electrochemical oxidation of polyfluoroalkyl and perfluroalkyl (PFAS) contaminants using Magnéli phase titanium suboxide ceramic electrodes/membranes. Magneli phase titanium suboxide ceramic electrodes/membranes can be porous and can be included in reactive electrochemical membrane filtration systems for filtration, concentration, and oxidation of PFASs and other contaminants.

Perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds in an effluent stream are destroyed by means of electro-oxidation. Although electro-oxidation can be used to directly treat effluent, a more efficient use is to pre-concentrate applicable pollutants with filters or sorbents. Concentrated perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds are removed from the filter or sorbent with a regenerant solution and treated by electro-oxidation. A current density of 0.5 mA/cm.sup.2 or 1 mA/cm.sup.2 effectively reduces the level of perfluorinated contaminants within 1-3 hr. using a titanium electrode. This allows both the regenerant and filter or sorbent to be reused and greatly reduces the amount of material that must be treated as hazardous waste.

A beer line dispensing and cleaning system has a keg tapping head for connection to an outlet of a beer keg. A beer dispensing line is connected between the keg tapping head and a beer dispensing tap. An electrolytic ozone generator has a water inlet for connection to a water supply and an ozone water outlet for connection by an ozone water line to the beer dispensing line for delivery of ozone water through the beer dispensing line to sanitize the beer dispensing line.