Disclosed herein are graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compounds or polymers, and methods of making and using. Also described herein are tagged compositions including an industrial water source treatment compound or polymer combined with a graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The tagged materials are tailored to fluoresce at wavelengths with minimized correspondence to the natural or “background” fluorescence of irradiated materials in industrial water sources, enabling quantification of the concentration of the water source treatment compound or polymer in situ by irradiation and fluorescence measurement of the water source containing the tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The fluorescence measurement methods are similarly useful to quantify mixtures of tagged and untagged water source treatment compounds or polymers present in an industrial water source.

A method and system for measuring and treating fluid streams having particles therein is disclosed. A sample of the fluid stream is obtained and processed to remove large particles, to obtain an aliquot of the fluid stream with some particles therein. A parameter in the aliquot is measured that relates to quantity and/or charge of the particles. The aliquot was found to be representative of the whole fluid stream, so when the parameter deviates from a desired value, this indicates that particles in the fluid stream require treatment. The method and system can further include treating the particles in the fluid stream until the measured parameter in the aliquot returns to the desired value.

The present invention relates to a system (17) for real-time monitoring and/or controlling wastewater or sludge dewatering and/or thickening processes, said system (17) comprising a wastewater piping (13) comprising a wastewater inlet (1) and a concentrated wastewater outlet (18); at least one dewatering or thickening device (14), attached to said wastewater piping (13) between the inlet (1) and the outlet (18); at least one total solids measurement device (2, 8, 11), attached to said wastewater piping (13); at least one total suspended solids measurement device (3, 7, 10), attached to said wastewater piping (13) or a fluid outlet (9) of the dewatering or thickening device (14); an inorganic coagulant container (4) connected to said wastewater piping (13); a feeding valve (5) to control a flow of inorganic coagulant from said inorganic coagulant container (4) to said wastewater piping (13); and a control unit (15); wherein the flow of inorganic coagulant is adapted to be controlled to uphold at least a predetermined set point value (TDS1) in relation to the value measured by said total solids (TS) measurement device, and the value measured by said total suspended solids (TSS) measurement device. The present invention further relates to a method for controlling said system and the use of the system for monitoring and/or controlling a wastewater dewatering and/or thickening process.

The disclosure provides automated methods and systems for optimized dosing of chemicals, such as coagulants, acids, and/or bases, in water treatment processes. The methods and systems of the disclosure can provide a coagulant dosing regimen that mitigates turbidity and organic contaminant content while maintaining effective floc precipitation, agglomeration, and settling without significant human intervention.

Disclosed are methods and systems that facilitate more accurate measurement of the turbidity, i.e., insoluble ion content, of source water streams in water treatment processes, and in turn more accurate dosing of metal salt coagulants to cause these insoluble ions to floc and precipitate from the source water stream. Methods and systems for calibration of streaming current sensors used for such turbidity/insoluble ion content measurement are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for the precipitation of arsenic and heavy metals from acidic, in particular sulphuric acid, process water (12), containing both arsenic and heavy metals, comprising a precipitation method phase (II) with a sulphide precipitation stage (C) in which arsenic and at least one primary heavy metal are precipitated together, wherein a sulphide precipitating agent (16) is added to the process water (12) such that arsenic is precipitated as arsenic sulphide and the at least one primary heavy metal is precipitated as metal sulphide. The sulphide precipitation stage (C) comprises a first sulphide precipitation step (C.1) in which a sulphide precipitating agent is added to the process water (12) in a first sulphide precipitation reactor (14), whereby an intermediate fluid (22) is generated still containing arsenic or still containing arsenic and the primary heavy metal. The intermediate fluid (22) is transferred into a second sulphide precipitation reactor (30) after the first sulphide precipitation step (C.1). The sulphide precipitation stage (C) comprises a second sulphide precipitation step (C.2) in which a sulphide precipitating agent is added to the intermediate fluid (22) in the second precipitation reactor, whereby a residual fluid (32) is generated which is substantially free from arsenic.

Provided are a water treatment apparatus and a water treatment method capable of performing a significant water quality evaluation of treated water before the filtration process, and capable of rapidly responding to a change in water quality of the treated water. A water treatment apparatus of the present invention includes a treated water filtering unit which filters treated water supplied from a treated water line to become filtered water, a filtered water mixing unit which is provided in a treated water extraction line diverging from the treated water line to reduce a turbidity concentration in the treated water of the treated water extraction line to become measured water, and a water quality measuring unit which is provided at a rear stage of the filtered water mixing unit in the treated water extraction line and measures water quality of the measured water to evaluate the water quality of the treated water.

A method for treating wastewater by using a coagulant that aggregates a phosphorus-containing substance. The method includes executing a reaction phase having a biological treatment phase and a subsequent chemical treatment phase. The chemical treatment phase includes the first substep of mixing the wastewater while injecting a predetermined dose of the coagulant into the basin in order for the coagulant to contact and coagulate the phosphorus-containing substances. The injection of the dose of the binding compound into the basin is performed during a time period equal to or more than a time period required to accomplish two mixing turnovers of the wastewater and equal to or less than a time period required to accomplish seven mixing turnovers of the wastewater. The second substep includes mixing the wastewater in order to flocculate the coagulated substance.

Disclosed herein is a water treatment system for connection to a water treatment plant (e.g. a dissolved air flotation device). The plant may have an inlet for the receipt of feed water (e.g. waste water) and an outlet for the discharge of treated water. The treatment system may comprise a first sensor disposed such that it is in fluidity communication with the feed water, and a second sensor disposed such that it is in fluidity communication with the treated water. The first and second sensors may be configured to sense parameters of the feed and treated water. The system may further comprise a first applicator (e.g. a pump) that is configured to discharge a treatment source (e.g. a chemical source) to the plant to treat the feed water. The disclosed system may be used to treat waste water (e.g. the treatment of effluent from oil refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants, natural gas processing plants, paper mills and general water treatment). The system has analogous applications in other processing methods that also use DAF, or very similar, systems, such as the processing of mineral ores and other such solid extraction processing methods.

An apparatus for the extraction of phosphorus from wastewater that includes a precipitation module and a retention module. The precipitation module includes a crystallization vessel, one or more inlets disposed in a lower region of the precipitation module and at least one outlet disposed in an upper region of the precipitation module. The retention module includes a sedimentation vessel, at least one inlet disposed in an upper region of the retention module and at least one outlet disposed in a lower region of the retention module. At least one outlet of the precipitation module is connected to at least one inlet of the retention module and at least one outlet of the retention module is connected to at least one inlet of the precipitation module. The volume VS of the sedimentation vessel is greater than/equal to 0.6 times the volume VC of the crystallization vessel (VS≧0.6.Math.VC).