The present specification discloses a composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine alone or in combination with one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, one or more guanide-containing compounds, one or more alcohols, one or more metallic particles, one or more metal salts, or any combination thereof. The present specification further discloses a kit comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a one or more containers including a composition disclosed herein or components which make up such compositions as well as methods and uses for such compositions and kits.

A method for producing a biocide from a hypochlorite oxidant and an ammonium salt is provided. The method focuses on preventing and/or reducing the presence of excess ammonium. The molar ratio of ammonium to hypochlorite is less than 1:1. In a preferred embodiment, the method includes monitoring the conductivity of the biocide to optimize the ratio between the hypochlorite oxidant and the ammonium salt. The optimum ratio is that at which the conductivity has a local maximum.

A filterwell cartridge having ports for dispensing a dispersant directly into a filterwell of a hot tub, spa or the like with the filterwell cartridge peripherally and postionally supportable in a quick release mode through facial engagement of compound surfaces located on opposite sides of the filterwell cartridge.

A filterwell cartridge having ports for dispensing a dispersant directly into a filterwell of a hot tub, spa or the like with the filterwell cartridge peripherally and postionally supportable in a quick release mode through facial engagement of compound surfaces located on opposite sides of the filterwell cartridge.

A water treatment apparatus, system and method including introducing an aqueous fluid into a chamber, the aqueous fluid having a pH below 7 and having an oxidizing agent. Contacting, within the chamber, the aqueous fluid with a corrodible sacrificial material which oxidizes in the presence of the oxidizing agent also reducing the oxidizing agent. Thereafter, adjusting, subsequent contacting the corroding particulate, the pH of the aqueous fluid to above 7.

A water treatment apparatus, system and method including introducing an aqueous fluid into a chamber, the aqueous fluid having a pH below 7 and having an oxidizing agent. Contacting, within the chamber, the aqueous fluid with a corrodible sacrificial material which oxidizes in the presence of the oxidizing agent also reducing the oxidizing agent. Thereafter, adjusting, subsequent contacting the corroding particulate, the pH of the aqueous fluid to above 7.

A method of maintaining a safe free chlorine level in a body of water for recreational use where the free chlorine level at a harmful level comprises determining if the free chlorine level in the body of water is above a safe level and adding sufficient DMH to the body of water to bring the free chlorine down to a safe level.

A method of maintaining a safe free chlorine level in a body of water for recreational use where the free chlorine level at a harmful level comprises determining if the free chlorine level in the body of water is above a safe level and adding sufficient DMH to the body of water to bring the free chlorine down to a safe level.

The present invention generally relates to a system and method for treating spent caustic effluent using chlorine dioxide solution. The system comprises a spent caustic storage tank for receiving spent caustic obtained from refinery operations; an acid storage container connected to the spent caustic storage tank for neutralizing free alkali content with a mineral acid to eliminate unwanted chemical reactions associated with free caustic present in spent caustic with ClO.sub.2; a heat exchanger unit engaged for reducing temperature of spent caustic to 35-45° C. from high temperature raised due to heat of neutralisation at least one of a cavitation (mixing) chamber or venturi mixing equipment mechanically connected downstream of the heat exchanger unit for adding CIO solution to the spent caustic solution to oxidize sulphide/thiols content for complete reduction of sulphide/mercaptane and reduction of 80-90% of COD.

The present invention generally relates to a system and method for treating spent caustic effluent using chlorine dioxide solution. The system comprises a spent caustic storage tank for receiving spent caustic obtained from refinery operations; an acid storage container connected to the spent caustic storage tank for neutralizing free alkali content with a mineral acid to eliminate unwanted chemical reactions associated with free caustic present in spent caustic with ClO.sub.2; a heat exchanger unit engaged for reducing temperature of spent caustic to 35-45° C. from high temperature raised due to heat of neutralisation at least one of a cavitation (mixing) chamber or venturi mixing equipment mechanically connected downstream of the heat exchanger unit for adding CIO solution to the spent caustic solution to oxidize sulphide/thiols content for complete reduction of sulphide/mercaptane and reduction of 80-90% of COD.