Provided herein are an adsorbent and method of treating water using the adsorbent. The adsorbent includes thermally- and chemically-treated lignite coal. The method includes contacting wastewater with the treated lignite coal.

A method for treating wastewater by using a coagulant that aggregates a phosphorus-containing substance. The method includes executing a reaction phase having a biological treatment phase and a subsequent chemical treatment phase. The chemical treatment phase includes the first substep of mixing the wastewater while injecting a predetermined dose of the coagulant into the basin in order for the coagulant to contact and coagulate the phosphorus-containing substances. The injection of the dose of the binding compound into the basin is performed during a time period equal to or more than a time period required to accomplish two mixing turnovers of the wastewater and equal to or less than a time period required to accomplish seven mixing turnovers of the wastewater. The second substep includes mixing the wastewater in order to flocculate the coagulated substance.

A composition, process and apparatuses for removal of one or more contaminant anions from water are provided. In an embodiment, the process includes treating the water with a composition comprising a layered metal hydroxy salt, wherein the layered metal hydroxy salt is a compound comprising (a) a metal (b) a framework hydroxide, and (c) a replaceable anion.

A water or wastewater treatment process that includes a dissolved air flotation process for removing suspended solids from influent water or mixed liquor. In one process, the dissolved air flotation process is carried out in the absence of adding a co-agulant or a flocculant, but yet produces TSS removal efficiencies comparable to those achieved by conventional dissolved air flotation processes that employ a coagulant and a flocculant. In other processes, a coagulant and/or a flocculant is added directly to the mixing zone of a dissolved air flotation system or is added via a pressurized white water injection system. In another process, the use of a coagulant and a flocculant is useful in removing TSS and reducing the concentration of phosphorus in the water being treated.

A method for managing a wastewater treatment process. The method includes at least the steps of measuring an amount of at least one nitrogen-containing substance in the influent wastewater (CN, influent), and determining an amount of phosphorous to be removed from the influent wastewater (CP, influent) based on the measured amount of at least one nitrogen-containing substance in the influent wastewater (CN, influent).

A surface water mitigation structure suitable for use in the storage and treatment of contaminated surface water runoff. The runoff is processed through a multi-layered filtration and treatment system wherein the first layer is a permeable composite capstone that can support substantial loads yet is pervious enough to allow runoff to pass through it and into a porous storage medium second layer that includes one or more remediating agents, and wherein the effluent from the surface water mitigation structure can be discharged to the ground, the surface, and/or a drainage system reduced or free of contaminants.

Disclosed herein are processes for treating high-P fluid involving (1) providing a high-P containing stream; (2) chemically treating the high-P stream such that a majority of dissolved P in the stream is transformed into a solid form via sorption of P onto particles placed or precipitated within the stream; and (3) removing the solid form containing P from the chemically treated fine solids stream, such that >about 90% of the total P is removed from the high-P fluid. Also disclosed are systems for treating a high-P stream, the systems involving (1) a chemical treatment station operable to chemically treat and transform equal to or greater than about 90% of dissolved P in a high-P stream into a solid form; and (2) a liquid-solid separator station operable to remove the solid form containing P from the chemically treated high-P stream.

An apparatus for the extraction of phosphorus from wastewater that includes a precipitation module and a retention module. The precipitation module includes a crystallization vessel, one or more inlets disposed in a lower region of the precipitation module and at least one outlet disposed in an upper region of the precipitation module. The retention module includes a sedimentation vessel, at least one inlet disposed in an upper region of the retention module and at least one outlet disposed in a lower region of the retention module. At least one outlet of the precipitation module is connected to at least one inlet of the retention module and at least one outlet of the retention module is connected to at least one inlet of the precipitation module. The volume VS of the sedimentation vessel is greater than/equal to 0.6 times the volume VC of the crystallization vessel (VS≧0.6.Math.VC).

An economical method for recovering phosphate or phosphate and nitrogen from liquid streams. A liquid containing phosphate is introduced into a culture of autotrophic microorganisms in the presence of natural or artificial light, thereby producing a liquid effluent with elevated pH and reduced alkalinity. The alkalinity is reduced through the consumption of bicarbonate/carbonate by the autotrophic microorganisms. The effluent is then chemically treated with low-cost chemicals to provide Ca.sup.++ or Mg.sup.++ ions necessary to form a phosphate precipitate such as calcium phosphate or magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP). The autotrophic microorganisms can be cultivated in ponds, lagoons, or photobioreactors. The pH of the culture is adjustable within a preferred range of 7.5 to 10.5 by adjusting the photobioreactor operation. The process includes an economical flotation separator for solid, liquid, gas separation and a means of concentrating ammonia nitrogen that may also be removed during the process of phosphate reclamation.

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for wastewater treatment, in which at least portions of the sewage sludge contained in the wastewater (0) are subjected to a hydrolysis (8). The hydrolysis (8) is carried out as a thermal hydrolysis. After the hydrolysis step (8), a drying process is (19) carried out. The drying process (19) is a process operating with positive pressure in the steam region. At least parts of the steam resulting from the drying process (19), which operates with positive pressure, are fed (20) to the portions of the sewage sludge in the thermal hydrolysis (8).