Systems and methods for ion exchange regeneration for resins onsite at an industrial facility are disclosed. The resins can be boron selective resins and the systems and methods can utilize onsite regeneration, recycling of certain effluent streams, and/or treated water as a main water source for regeneration.

A water treatment system includes a reverse osmosis membrane device, an electrodeionization device that is located downstream of the reverse osmosis membrane device, a first heat exchanger that is located upstream of the reverse osmosis membrane device and that adjusts the temperature of the water supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane device according to the temperature of raw water supplied to the water treatment system, and a second heat exchanger that is located between the reverse osmosis membrane device and the electrodeionization device and that cools the water supplied to the electrodeionization device. One of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger is an internal heat exchanger that exchanges heat inside the water treatment system, and the other is an external heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the outside of the water treatment system.

The invention relates to the proppants and proppant substrates treated with active compounds that reduce the presence of contaminants in fluids, methods of using those materials, as well as methods of making those materials. The invention further provides that the contaminated fluids are associated with wells, including oil and gas wells.

A system for removing minerals from a brine using electrodialysis. One system includes a gypsum removal system configured to receive a feed stream having a first amount of gypsum, to extract at least a portion of the gypsum from the feed stream, and to produce a first output having a second amount of the gypsum less than the first amount of the gypsum. The system also includes an electrodialysis (ED) system fluidly coupled to the gypsum removal system and configured to receive the first output from the gypsum removal system, to produce a second output having a substantially sulfate hardness free sodium sulfate solution, to produce a third output having a sodium chloride solution, and to produce a fourth output having a mineral solution.

A sorbent composition for the removal of boron and/or borates from a fluid such as an aqueous medium. The sorbent composition includes a base sorbent material having a high porosity and surface area, and a boron-selective agent. By using a boron-selective agent in conjunction with a high surface area base sorbent material such as activated carbon or biochar, a sorbent composition with a high capacity for sequestering boron and a relatively low cost is provided. The sorbent compositions are particularly useful for the sequestration of boron from waste materials such as coal combustion residual leachate (CCRs).

An ion exchange column and a method of using the same are disclosed. The ion exchange column includes first interconnected chambers supporting a first portion of an ion exchange resin, second interconnected chambers supporting a second portion of the ion exchange resin, and a housing or casing enclosing the first and second interconnected chambers and the first and second ion exchange resin portions. The second chambers are physically isolated and/or separated from the first chambers. The ion exchange column is configured to cause a fluid passing through the first or second interconnected chambers to travel along a path that is longer than a height of the interconnected chambers. The present column and method improve efficiencies of fluid treatment and resin regeneration relative to a conventional dual-column design, and increase residence time between the resin and the fluid or regenerant relative to an otherwise identical single-column design.

A method for removing the fluorine component from waste water which is produced during the manufacturing process of highly reactive polybutene and contains high concentration of fluorine component, is disclosed. The method comprises a step of adding to the waste water a treating agent selected from a group of Al compound, Ca compound and mixture thereof at temperature of 50 to 300 C. for reaction, whereby boron trifluoride neutralized salt is decomposed to form Al salt or Ca salt of fluorine component so that the fluorine component is removed in the form of the Al salt or the Ca salt of fluorine component.

According to present disclosure, there is disclosed an algae growth and cultivation system that provides a cost-efficient means of producing algae biomass as feedstock for algae-based products, such as, biofuel manufacture, and desirably impacts alternative/renewable energy production, nutrient recovery from waste streams, and valued byproducts production. The system as discussed herein is an integrated systems approach to wastewater treatment, algal strains selection for byproducts production, and recycle of algal-oil extraction waste or additional algae harvested as feedstock for fertilizer production. Embodiments of a system as discussed herein present an economically viable algae production system and process that allows algae-derived products such as biofuels, fertilizer, etc. to compete with petroleum products in the marketplace.

Provided are compositions comprising: (a) compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

and (b) a compound of formula II:

##STR00002##

These compositions are NanoNets and generally comprise a surfactant of formula (I) and a polymer of formula (II). These NanoNets may be used in the treatment of aqueous solutions and more particularly may be used for the removal of boron from aqueous solutions.

A system for separating competing anions from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a flow of water contaminated with PFAS and elevated levels of competing anions that includes a separation subsystem which receives the flow of water contaminated with PFAS and elevated levels of competing anions and separates competing anions from the PFAS and concentrates the PFAS to produce a treated flow of water having separated competing anions therein and a flow of water having a majority of PFAS therein. At least one anion exchange vessel having an anion exchange resin therein receives the flow of water having a majority of PFAS therein and removes PFAS from the water to produce a flow of treated water having a majority of the PFAS removed. The separation of competing anions by the separation subsystem increases the treatment capacity of the anion exchange resin to remove PFAS from the contaminated water.