A method and system is provided for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method and system are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

The present disclosure provides for a method of filtering pollutants from a contaminated fluid stream. The method includes disposing unprepared humic shale in a container, contacting the unprepared humic shale with an aqueous solution, maintaining the aqueous composition in contact with the unprepared humic shale for a period of time, drying the humic shale, and then placing polluted water in contact with the humic shale until pollutants have been removed from the fluid.

Provided are electrodialysis systems comprising a plurality of electrodialysis devices, wherein each electrodialysis device of the plurality of electrodialysis devices has a product inlet stream, a product outlet stream, a brine inlet stream, and a brine outlet stream. The product inlet stream for a first electrodialysis device comprises the brine outlet stream of a second electrodialysis device. Further, a first portion of a feed stream is the brine inlet stream for the first electrodialysis device and a second portion of the feed stream is the brine inlet stream for the second electrodialysis device or a third electrodialysis device.

An electrochemical dechlorination of water method is provided. Dechlorination of water, containing chlorine or chloramine, is performed in an electrochemical reactor by passing electrons directly from an electrical grid to the chlorine or the chloramine via a cathode, where the dechlorination for the chlorine is defined by HOCl+2e.sup.−.fwdarw.Cl.sup.−+OH.sup.31, and wherein the dechlorination for the chloramine is defined by NH.sub.2Cl+H.sup.++2e.sup.−.fwdarw.Cl.sup.−+NH.sub.3. The cathode can be a stainless steel cathode. In one variation, the cathode and the anode are separated by a cation-exchange membrane. By means of this method, wastewater can be dechlorinated using power from the electric grid without the addition of external chemicals, thereby avoiding the cost of the chemicals, their transport, and the presence of their degradation products in the effluent water.

A DNA complex includes a carrier and DNA immobilized on the carrier. 80% or more by mass of the DNA is single-stranded DNA, the DNA has an average molecular weight of 500,000 or less, and the DNA content is more than 15% by mass and 50% or less by mass of the DNA complex. The carrier contains an inorganic material. The DNA complex has an average particle size of 10 μm or more.

A method and system is provided for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method and system are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

This disclosure concerns a system for purifying contaminated water and a method for using the system. More specifically, the invention concerns removing contaminants, such as those introduced by fracking, from a contaminated water.

A water filter cartridge includes a sediment filter, a carbon filter, and a core having a tubular body with openings that allow water to flow through the core. The core defines an open central area, and the core supports the sediment filter and the carbon filter. A nanofiltration unit is arranged within the open central area of the core. The nanofiltration unit includes a tubular filter element defining a central volume, and a plurality of filaments arranged within the central volume.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a BET specific surface area calculated from a nitrogen adsorption isotherm by a BET method, of 750 m.sup.2/g or more and 1000 m.sup.2/g or less, a ratio of a pore volume of pores of 0.3875 to 0.9125 nm calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm by a HK method to a total pore volume calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm by the HK method, of 80% or more, and an average pore diameter obtained by the following formula using the BET specific surface area and the total pore volume calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm by the HK method, of 1.614 nm or less: D=4000×V/S (wherein D represents the average pore diameter (nm), V represents the total pore volume (mL/g), and S represents the specific surface area (m.sup.2/g)).

Methods for electrochemically oxidizing organic compounds in aqueous solution. The methods include contacting an aqueous solution comprising organic compounds with a first anode and electrochemically oxidizing at least a portion of the organic compounds to provide a first aqueous solution comprising oxidation products; and contacting the first aqueous solution comprising oxidation products with a first cathode and electrochemically reducing at least a portion of the oxidation products to provide a first aqueous solution comprising reduced products and residual oxidizable organic compounds. The first aqueous solution can be further treated to electrochemically oxidize at least a portion of the residual oxidizable organic compounds to provide a second aqueous solution comprising oxidation products, and the second aqueous solution can be further treated to electrochemically reduce at least a portion of the oxidation products to provide a third aqueous solution comprising reduced products and residual oxidizable organic compounds. Systems for electrochemically oxidizing organic compounds and effectively carrying out the methods are also provided.