Carbon-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C.sub.3N.sub.4) compositions are synthesized from the chemical precursors melamine, cyanuric acid and barbituric acid. Phosphorus-doped g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 compositions are synthesized from the chemical precursors melamine, cyanuric acid and etidronic acid. Carbon- and phosphorus-doped g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 compositions, when in the presence of UV or visible light, can be used in water treatment systems to photocatalytically degrade persistent organic micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pesticides, and herbicides. Carbon- and phosphorus-doped g-C.sub.3N.sub.4 compositions can also be applied to surfaces of household and public items to kill protozoa, eukaryotic parasites, algal pathogens, bacteria, fungi, prions, viruses, or other microorganisms, preventing the transfer thereof between users.

The present invention refers to an industrial process and system that is efficient and advantageous for inactivation of liquid wastes contaminated by mutagenic, genotoxic and/or teratogenic substances arising from high potency APIs production using inactivation chemical agents and excluding ozone, heat or UV light source.

Disclosed herein is a method for remediating sewage that contains persistent contaminants. The method comprises ozofractionating the sewage under conditions whereby a foam fractionate comprising persistent contaminants is produced and separated from an ozofractionated wastewater, quiescing the ozofractionated wastewater, whereby a residual ozone content of the ozofractionated wastewater is reduced, and contacting the quiesced ozofractionated wastewater with a microorganism population under conditions effective to biologically remediate the ozofractionated wastewater.

A method for selectively removing micro-contaminants from sludge, the method includes a) providing sludge contaminated with micro-contaminants, and b) subjecting the sludge to a primary treatment step, thereby producing a first stream of primary sludge comprising a first part of micro-contaminants and a second stream of remaining sludge comprising a second part of micro-contaminants, c) subjecting the second stream of remaining sludge to a secondary treatment step, thereby producing biological sludge, wherein the first stream of primary sludge and the biological sludge are further subjected to separate treatment steps whose effects are coupled, so as to divert, capture and destroy the first part of micro-contaminants in the primary treatment step.

The invention relates to a device for membrane filtration and for the removal of micropollutants from liquids by way of a reactive substance, the device comprising a reaction chamber and at least one port for supplying and/or discharging the reactive substance to and/or from the reaction chamber, such that the micropollutants are able to react with the reactive substance in the reaction chamber and/or may be removed from a liquid, and the reaction chamber comprising a first membrane and a second membrane, the first membrane being designed as an inlet into the reaction chamber and the second membrane being designed as an outlet from the reaction chamber, such that the liquid to be treated is able to be filtered by the first membrane and to flow into the reaction chamber, the liquid treated with the reactive substance in the reaction chamber is able to be filtered by the second membrane and to flow out of the reaction chamber, and the outflow of treated liquid is substantially free from micropollutants.

The present invention relates to systems and methods whereby contaminants or pollutants are removed from a fluid using a combination of electrochemical treatment and sorption. The systems and methods described herein may be used to remove pollutants from water or other fluids. The systems and methods described herein apply an electric current to a contaminated fluid such as water. The target contaminants are consequently ionized and are forced through a reactive sorbent media by use of an electrical gradient or polarization. The sorbent chemically binds the contaminants.

A composite material, wherein the composite material contains aluminum alloys with at least one of alkaline-earth metals and transition metals, and are used for removing pollutants by dissolving to release divalent metal ions, trivalent aluminum ions and hydroxide ions, which contact with other divalent and trivalent metal cations and anions in the contaminated water, to perform an in situ self-assemble of two-dimensional Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) precipitates; consists of 18-70 weight% of aluminum metal, 30-80% weight of a second type of metal, and 0-2 weight% of an auxiliary agent; has a particle size of 0.01-3 mm; and preferably forms a micro-nano Alloy@LDH composite material with a core-shell structure by pretreating with dilute HCl. The present invention is used for soil remediation or sewage purification, and is suitable for chemical removal and degradation of complex contaminants from an acidic to alkaline environment.

There is provided herein a method for preparing a graphene oxide (GO) hydrogel. The method comprises the steps of adding vitamin C (VC) to a dispersion GO in a ratio GO:VC varying from 1:50 to 1:300; and incubating at a temperature above 45° C., preferably at 95° C. the dispersion for a time sufficient for a porous hydrogel to be self-assembled from the dispersion. CNPs can also be added to the hydrogel in a ratio GO:CNPs from 4:1 to 1:1. There is also provided the hydrogel so obtained and its use for removing contaminants from a fluid. The hydrogel can also be used as a filter for such decontamination.

A living engineered biofilm material comprises microbial cells embedded in a protective extracellular matrix comprising a fusion protein of an amyloid domain and a contaminant binding domain operative to bind a contaminant of a water source, and thereby facilitate decontamination of the water source.

A hollow fiber porous membrane includes polyethersulfone or polysulfone. The hollow fiber porous membrane has an inner diameter from 300 to 600 μm, a thickness from 70 to 200 μm, a molecular weight cut-off of 10000 or lower, and a plurality of pores having a pore diameter from 0.1 to 0.5 μm throughout an outer surface; and a swelling rate of less than 5% as defined below: Swelling Rate (%): for 20 or more of the hollow fiber porous membranes, after a membrane thickness in a cross section of each one of the hollow fiber porous membranes in the width direction is measured at randomly selected 10 or more locations, an average membrane thickness is calculated based on 200 or more locations in total, and the swelling rate is calculated by a formula below: Swelling Rate (%)=(location numbers where the membrane thickness as measured exceeded 1.3 times the average membrane thickness)/(membrane thickness measurement numbers)×100.