Unwanted material in water, such as Legionella and scale, may be treated using a combination of technologies. Components of each technology may be controlled using a databus, such as an Internet-of-things (IoT) databus. An additional advantage of the treatment technologies is an increase in the efficiency of heat transfer components, such as cooling towers, and a related reduction in carbon footprint.

An apparatus, system and method to remove purified vapor from a contaminated fluid using solar energy is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an inlet wherein contaminated fluid flows in the apparatus through the inlet; at least two outlets wherein a first outlet exits purified vapor and a second outlet wherein contaminated fluid with a portion removed as purified vapor exits the apparatus; an energy source that causes the contaminated fluid to heat to a temperature wherein at least a portion of the contaminated fluid is converted to purified vapor; at least two different flow paths from at least one inlet to the first outlet and second outlet, the first and second flow paths flow through at least a portion of the apparatus wherein differences causes the lighter purified vapor to take a different path than the contaminated fluid exiting the second outlet.

In some embodiments, a method may include treating pulp in pulp and paper mills. The methods may include providing a peracetate oxidant solution and generating a reactive oxygen species. The peracetate solution may include peracetate anions and a peracid. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution may include a pH from about pH 10 to about pH 12. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate anions to peracid ranging from about 60:1 to about 6000:1. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate to hydrogen peroxide of greater than about 16:1. The peracetate oxidant solution may provide enhanced treatment methods of bleaching, brightening, and delignifying pulp fibers involving the use of peracetate oxidant solutions.

Certain examples of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses and methods for treating a fluid, such as water, when initially introduced into an empty fluid circuit (such as a heating and/or cooling system) via a temporary fluid connection 602 from a fluid supply connector 601; and also for treating existing fluid in a fluid circuit of a heating and/or cooling system. Certain examples provide an apparatus 101 comprising a vessel 102 having an open upper end 103 and a removable lid 108. The vessel includes: a circulating fluid inlet port 104 in a side wall 105 thereof, a circulating fluid outlet port 106 in a lower end 107 thereof, and a combined drain and water inlet port 600 in the lower end 107 thereof.

An electrochlorination system comprises a source of feed fluid, a product fluid outlet, and a plurality of electrochemical cells connected fluidically between the source of feed fluid and the product fluid outlet. The system is configured to operate at least one of the plurality of electrochemical cells at one of a first current density or a first flow rate, and to operate another of the plurality of electrochemical cells at a second current density or second flow rate different from the respective first current density or first flow rate.

The present disclosure relates to corrosion inhibitor compositions, formulations, and compounds. The compositions, formulations, and compounds may be used is various methods to inhibit corrosion of metallic surfaces in aqueous environments. The corrosion inhibitor compositions may include one of the following compounds or any combination of any of the compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##

A drain cleaner apparatus for dispensing a cleaning composition into a condensate drain line of an air handler of an air conditioning system includes an apparatus outlet in fluid communication with an exterior of the drain cleaner apparatus, a dispenser device configured to be actuated to selectively dispense an amount of the cleaning composition through the apparatus outlet, a connector interface, a dispenser device, and a controller. The connector interface detachably couples with a complementary connector interface of a cartridge having a cartridge reservoir configured to hold the cleaning composition, to establish flow communication from the cartridge reservoir to the dispenser device. The dispenser device is between the connector interface and the apparatus outlet. The dispenser device may be actuated to selectively dispense the amount of the cleaning composition from the cartridge reservoir and through the apparatus outlet. The controller may actuate the dispenser device without manual intervention.

A filter for treating a fluid in a heating and/or cooling system includes: a first body, hollow and substantially cylindrical in shape, and a second body, wherein the first body and second body are mutually and sealingly connected, so as to internally have a chamber, and wherein the hollow first body is provided with a first mouth and a second mouth respectively having a first duct and a second duct allowing the fluid to enter and/or exit the chamber. A filtering element for treating the fluid is housed at least partially in the chamber, in particular the filtering element includes at least one magnetic element The filter includes a shut-off element having an outer wall provided with a channel and an opening, the shut-off element being housed in the first body in such a way that it can rotate about a longitudinal axis in the first body and alternately switch from a first position to a second position.

An ion-exchange apparatus includes a raw-water tank 1, a treatment section, an ion exchanger and a hydrophilic layer. The raw-water section contains a liquid to be treated with impurity ions. The treatment tank 2 contains a treatment material with exchange ions exchangeable with the impurity ions. The ion exchanger 3 enables the passage of the impurity ions from the raw-water tank 1 to the treatment tank 2 and the passage of the exchange ions from the treatment tank 2 to the raw-water tank 1. The hydrophilic layer M, with a water contact angle of 30° or less, is disposed on at least a surface of the ion exchanger adjacent to the treatment tank 2.

An inexpensive ion-exchange apparatus with an increased ion-exchange capacity has a raw-water tank (1), a treatment tank (2) and an ion exchanger (3). The raw-water tank (1) contains a to be treated liquid. The liquid contains impurity ions. The treatment tank (2) contains a treatment material that contains exchange ions exchangeable with the impurity ions. The ion exchanger (3) enables passage of the impurity ions from the raw-water tank (1) to the treatment tank (2) and the passage of the exchange ions from the treatment tank (2) to the raw-water tank (1). The treatment material in the treatment tank (2) has a higher molarity than the to be treated liquid in the raw-water tank 1.