Disclosed is a filtering system used in any pool filtrations, filtration of taps or building entrance hot and cold use water, filtration of city water before osmosis filtering devices, filtration of heating and cooling mechanical plant systems, and filtration of cooling water in hydro-electric power plants. The system provides for forming a vortex inside a filter by directing and increasing speed of filtered liquid and thus providing decreasing pressure on the filter surface and collection of filtered particulates in a particulate accumulation chamber. The system also provides for automatic cleaning of the filter by reverse flushing, without the need for dismantling, by differential pressure sensors based on rate of contamination.

A method for treating wastewater or sludge includes treating a sludge having a first viscosity of from about 3,000 cP to about 15,000 cP by shearing the sludge to obtain a treated sludge having a second viscosity of less than 3,000 cP, where the second viscosity persists for a period of time. The sludge may be thickened by dewatering. A chemical agent may be added to the thickened sludge during, before, or after shearing. The treated sludge may further be pumped, transported, or otherwise handled.

A method of treating an aqueous composition includes immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition. The galvanic cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof. The galvanic cell includes a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof.

The invention provides a product for inhibiting corrosion in a closed loop industrial water system containing a corrosion sensitive metal, the product comprising: a carboxylic acid-based corrosion inhibitor, an azole-based corrosion inhibitor, a nitrate-based corrosion inhibitor, and water. The invention also provides a method of inhibiting corrosion of a corrosion sensitive metal in a closed loop industrial water system, the method comprising treating water in the system with product of the invention, to provide treated water.

A method of treating an aqueous composition includes immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition. The galvanic cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof. The galvanic cell includes a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof.

A controller receives sensor data from a sensor of a water system in response to operation of the water system in an automation phase. The sensor generates data indicative of oxidant level of the water system. The controller determines observed water chemistry behavior based on the sensor data and compares the observed water chemistry behavior to learned water chemistry behavior. The water chemistry behavior may include a rate of increase or decrease. The controller performs an automation action in response to the comparison. The automation action may include modifying addition of oxidizing chemistry to the water system, generating an alarm, or sending an alert. The controller may receive sensor data in response to operation of the water system in a learning phase and determine the learned water chemistry behavior based on the sensor data received during the learning phase.

Diagnostics systems and methods for on-board raw water systems of watercraft. Flow or pressure changes are detected at one or more locations along a flow path of the onboard raw water system. A fault is diagnosed based on a type of flow change or pressure change detected. An alert is issued regarding the fault and/or a remedial action is suggested for correcting the fault.

A reactor system may comprise a housing; and a condensation catalyst layer within the housing comprising a condensation catalyst comprised of at least one of a base-substituted zeolite, a stannous salt, or a phosphonitrile chloride. The condensation catalyst layer may be configured to catalyze a condensation reaction of a plurality of silane diols in water flowing through the housing into a plurality of siloxanes.

Disclosed here are the methods of using one or more multiple charged cationic compounds in a corrosion control composition to reduce corrosion of metal surfaces in a water system. The multiple charged cationic compounds are derived from polyamines through a ring-opening reaction with an epoxide or two reactions: an aza-Michael addition with an activated olefin having a cation group and a ring-opening reaction with an epoxide. The disclosed methods or compositions are found to be effective than those methods or compositions including commonly used corrosion inhibitors for water systems.

Methods, kits, cartridges, and compounds related to generating chlorine dioxide by exposing ClO.sub.2.sup.− to at least one of an iron porphyrin catalyst or an iron porphyrazine catalyst are described.