The invention relates to products by processes, product compositions, product formulations and product uses that are all related to reduced ultrapure water cluster sizes in an aqueous composition containing a non-H.sub.2O substance in the reduced size water clusters in order to improve bioavailability of the aqueous composition. The invention processes use higher flow rate of the blended aqueous composition from a jet openings of a nozzle inside the hollow cylinder to reduce sizes of the ultrapure water clusters in the blended aqueous composition of the non-H.sub.2O substance to less than 300 nanometers.

A water purification apparatus including a first water purification station for a first internal purified water stream. A valve selects either a first dispense purified water stream or a first continuing water stream or both. An internal reservoir receives the first continuing water stream to hold a volume of second purified water, and provides a second internal purified water stream. A second valve able dispenses the second dispense purified water stream. A second water purification station receives the second internal purified water and provides a third internal purified water stream. A third valve selects from the third internal purified water stream either a third dispense purified water stream, or a third continuing water stream, or both. A recirculation loop returns the third continuing water stream into the internal reservoir. A pump pumps the second internal purified water stream from the internal reservoir around the recirculation loop.

A water purification apparatus (10) is provided for dispensing pure water which comprises a main apparatus body (12) having at least one main fluid inlet (26) and at least one main fluid outlet (28), and a dispensing element (20) for dispensing pure water from the water purification apparatus (10). A purification module (18) is then also provided which is releasably engagable with the main apparatus body (12). This purification module (18) comprises a plurality of water purification sub-modules, an inlet manifold (76a) in fluid communication with (lie plurality of water purification sub-modules and which is connectable to the at least one main fluid outlet (28) of the main apparatus body (12), and an outlet manifold (76b) which is fluidly engagable with the dispensing element (20).

A method for efficiently treating boron from water to be treated, an apparatus for producing pure water, and a method for producing pure water. An apparatus for removing boron includes a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus to which is supplied water to be treated, a pH adjustment apparatus to adjust a pH of permeated water from the low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus to 5.0 to 9.0, a high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus to which is supplied the water adjusted by the pH adjustment apparatus, and an electrodeionization to which is supplied permeated water from the high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus.

An apparatus for producing ultrapure water: first ultrafiltration membrane that is connected to point of use and that supplies ultrapure water to point of use; first concentrated water return line that returns concentrated water of first ultrafiltration membrane to an upstream side of first ultrafiltration membrane; pressure gauge that measures pressure at an outlet of first ultrafiltration membrane; and means for adjusting flow rate of the concentrated water (first valve). Means for adjusting the flow rate of the concentrated water can be operated such that when the flow rate of the concentrated water is changed, a change in the pressure at the outlet of first ultrafiltration membrane that is measured by pressure gauge is kept within a predetermined range.

An apparatus has a platinum group metal carrying resin column provided in a supply line of ultrapure water, and has a pH adjuster injection device and a redox potential adjuster injection device provided in a later stage thereof. The apparatus has a membrane-type deaeration apparatus and a gas dissolving membrane apparatus sequentially provided in a later stage of the devices, and a discharge line communicates with the gas dissolving membrane apparatus. A pH meter and an ORP meter are each provided at some midpoint in the discharge line, and the pH meter and the ORP meter are connected to a control device. Then, the control device controls the amount of adjusters to be injected from the pH adjuster injection device and the redox potential adjuster injection device, on the basis of the measurement results of the pH meter and the ORP meter.

A fluid circuit includes a plurality of tubing segments and a plurality of operative components. Each tubing segment includes i) a non-conductive polymer portion defining a fluid passageway and ii) one or more interior conductive fluoropolymer stripes extending axially to the ends of each of the respective tubing segments. Each operative component includes a conductive fluoropolymer that extends between a plurality of tubing connector fittings forming a part of the fluid circuit, wherein each of the tubing connector fittings conductively connect the respective conductor of the operative component to the interior conductive fluoropolymer stripes of the tubing segment to provide a path to ground that extends through each operative component and each tubing segment.

A water treatment apparatus that can enhance the efficiency of removing hydrogen peroxide is provided. A water treatment apparatus (pure water production apparatus) has anion removing means that removes anions from water to be treated that contains hydrogen peroxide and the anions; and platinum group catalyst carriers (catalyst tower) that are positioned downstream of anion removing means.

A management method of a system for producing an ultrapure water, the system including a boron removal tower including an accommodation space through which water to be processed passes and a boron adsorption resin filling the accommodation space of the boron removal tower, and the boron removal tower including a plurality of sample ports through which a plurality of sample waters to be processed passing through portions having different heights of the boron adsorption resin, are respectively discharged, and determining a replacement cycle of the boron adsorption resin by increasing a passing flow rate of the boron removal tower.

Disclosed herein are apparatuses and methods for semi-permeable membrane cleaning. In particular, a pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process redirects raw solution and fluid streams in such a way as to cause periodic changes of the process from PRO to reverse osmosis (RO) for lifting and detaching fouling. Further disclosed is applying, at least periodically, a pulsed-flow regime in the fluid stream, thereby causing increased shearing force for enhanced evacuation of the foulant. Additionally, a backward wash may be provided by injection, for a predetermined injection time, of additional solution selected in such way that net driving pressure becomes RO opposite to normal PRO operation, thereby providing a backward flow from a first side of the membrane to a second side of the membrane, so as to lift and evacuate foulant.