Data related to biofilm and Legionella in cooling tower coolant is detected, collected and used to treat the biofilm and Legionella.

A liquid desalination system is disclosed. The liquid desalination system includes a feed line having an inlet to receive liquid and an outlet to discharge the liquid. The liquid desalination system includes a magnet coupled to the feed line, the magnet to generate an oscillating magnetic field within the feed line and in opposition to the feed water flow. The removal of targeted ions can be achieved by manipulating the frequency and rate of the generated electromagnetic waves. The generated electromagnetic waves can be tuned to weaken the hydration bonds of that specific ion and facilitate its removal. The liquid desalination system generates an electric field across the feed line to enable the liquid to flow through the electric field. The electric field may attract sodium ions to a positive electrode and may attract chloride ions to a negative electrode, to desalinate the liquid in the feed line.

A device for the treatment of drinking beverages by modifying a characteristic of the beverage, the device including a vessel for containing the beverage and, adjacent to the vessel, a passive electromagnetic resonator having a resonance frequency in the MF/HF/VHF radio bands

Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

The invention relates to a method and system for treating flue gases comprising generating a superimposed DC time-varying pulsed wave by superimposing a direct current on a low frequency time-varying pulsating electromagnetic wave signal, providing a treatment medium comprising water, using the superimposed DC pulsed wave to treat the treatment water medium, negatively charging the treated treatment water medium, and passing the negatively charged treated treatment water medium into a chamber containing flue gas such that the negatively charged treated treatment water affects the gas components of the flue gas and converts the gas components respectively to one or more of sulphates, nitrogen, oxygen, bicarbonates, carbonates and carbon, which can then be removed with used treatment water or exhaust gases. In particular, the invention relates to methods and systems for applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave comprising both AC and DC components in a pulsating manner to enable the removal of pollutant gases from flue gases.

An efficient, cost-effective, and efficacious technique for removing coal ash and other pollutants from waterways, ponds, marshes, holding tanks and other water sources and supplies. An apparatus comprising an open cage including electromagnets and/or permanent magnets and/or electrodes is supplied with electrical power to extract materials such as rare earth elements and/or heavy metals. The materials levitate to the surface, forming a slurry while leaving water substantially free of such materials. Rare earth magnets electrically connect electrolysis electrode structures and serve as electrolysis electrode segments.

Systems and methods are disclosed for cleaning and sterilizing fluids and other materials. In one implementation, one or more emitters are submerged within a fluid and emit electromagnetic waves having a variable frequency. The frequency of the electromagnetic waves is swept across a frequency range to neutralize bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens in the fluid. The emitters may be submerged within a fluid reservoir and/or within the interior of an enclosed fluidic path (e.g., a pipe). Solid materials may be sterilized by immersing the solid materials within the fluid of such a fluid reservoir. In another implementation, electromagnetic waves may be applied to one or more wires that are wrapped around an exterior wall of a pipe. The frequency of the electromagnetic waves may be varied across a frequency range, resulting in scale and other materials being cleaned from the interior wall of the pipe.

A method of increasing the rate by which a dissimilar material separates from an aqueous-based fluid mixture is disclosed. The method includes the step of passing an aqueous-based fluid through a magnetically conductive conduit having magnetic energy directed along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit and extending through at least a portion of the aqueous-based fluid mixture thereby providing a conditioned fluid medium. The conditioned fluid medium is separated into at least two distinct phases in a ceramic membrane filtration apparatus downstream of the magnetically conductive conduit, wherein at least one dissimilar material separates from the conditioned fluid medium at an increased rate as compared to a rate of separation of at least one dissimilar material from an aqueous-based fluid mixture prior to passing through the magnetically conductive conduit.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for removal and prevention of 5 scale deposition comprising SMPS (switched mode power supply) (1) for generating DC signal, retrofittable pipe section (3) being fitted in residence water carrying pipe wherefrom the scale is removed or prevented to be deposited, a signal cable (2) being wound around the pipe section (3) to form overlapped coils of optimum turns being connected by center tap (2c), a 10 transistor (4) of low operating frequency electrically connected with signal cable (2) at center tap (2c) formed between overlapped coils. The conductor lead (2a) and conductor lead (2b) are respectively connected to the terminal Band C of the transistor (4). By said configuration, when the signal is applied to the signal cable (2), an alternative electromagnetic field with variable 15 frequency is induced around pipe that effectively removes and prevents the scale forming through the water passed from said conduit.

A water treatment unit with a housing having a housing interior and an oscillation unit mounted so as to oscillate in the housing interior. The oscillation unit can be set in oscillation by a coil through which an electrical alternating signal flows, wherein a water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the housing, and wherein a flow area is formed between the inner wall of the housing that delimits the housing interior and the oscillation unit, the flow area being designed such that water flowing from the water inlet to the water outlet flows around the oscillation unit.