The invention relates to products by processes, product compositions, product formulations and product uses that are all related to reduced ultrapure water cluster sizes in an aqueous composition containing a non-H.sub.2O substance in the reduced size water clusters in order to improve bioavailability of the aqueous composition. The invention processes use higher flow rate of the blended aqueous composition from a jet openings of a nozzle inside the hollow cylinder to reduce sizes of the ultrapure water clusters in the blended aqueous composition of the non-H.sub.2O substance to less than 300 nanometers.

System and process for the treatment of water using a ferrate-based reduction-oxidation (redox) reactor, a clarifier, and a two-stage filtration system. Three treatment substrates can be used to treat water in the water treatment system and process, namely, a ferric compound(s), an acidic oxidant, and a flocculant-adsorbent.

Described herein is a method of identifying components in a fluid stream. Particularly, the invention relates to the identification and/or separation of one or more materials suspended in a fluid stream.

The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to methods of marker based direct integrity testing of at least one membrane comprising: (a) dosing a feed fluid of a loop with at least one marker comprising at least one challenge particle, the loop comprising: the feed fluid; a pump comprising an outlet stream; a membrane module comprising the at least one membrane and a membrane module outlet stream, wherein the membrane module is in fluid communication with the outlet stream; a marker recycle stream in fluid communication with the membrane module outlet stream and the pump; and a means to measure particle concentrations; (b) circulating the feed fluid through the membrane module at least once to produce a filtrate comprising a filtered at least one marker; (c) measuring a filtrate particle concentration of the filtered at least one filtered marker in the filtrate to produce a filtrate concentration measurement; and (d) calculating a log removal value from the filtrate concentration measurement and the feed concentration measurement; wherein the log removal value is less than about 3 μm.

The invention is based on a method, particularly a locally fixed method, for measuring a contamination of drinking water by microorganisms (16) in a drinking water conduit (12).

It is proposed that a contamination of drinking water is predicted in at least one prediction procedure (88) by means of at least one contamination risk parameter, and an actual contamination of drinking water is measured in at least one measuring procedure (90).

A method for efficiently producing PHA comprising: inoculating PHA fermentation strains into a fermentation medium for fermentation under the condition of being capable of producing PHA through fermentation; subjecting the fermentation broth to a solid-liquid separation to obtain fermentation supernatant and thallus precipitate; breaking the cell walls of the thallus precipitate, and subjecting the wall-broken products to a plate and frame filtration to prepare PHA; pre-coating a filter cloth for the plate and frame filtration with a PHA layer; at least part of the water of the fermentation medium is PHA process wastewater. The method utilizes the PHA process wastewater as at least part of the water of the fermentation medium, and filters and separates the broken thallus with the plate and frame filtration equipment pre-coated with PHA layer to prepare PHA, thereby recycling the high-salt wastewater, reducing costs, and potentially separating PHA on a large scale for industrial production.

Provided herein are compositions and methods useful for the treatment of wastewater comprising colloidal impurities. In certain aspects and embodiments, the compositions and methods include a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) coagulant including a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor, wherein the NADES is a liquid at room temperature.

The present invention relates to a process and device for selectively removal of deflocculated sludge below a pre-selected size from a sludge mixed liquor. The invention resides in the concept of removing from the sludge mixed liquor deflocculated sludge. The removal is preferably carried out by a two-step separation providing a fraction comprising sludge flocs, substantially freed from deflocculated sludge, and a fraction containing mostly deflocculated sludge. The fraction comprising sludge flocs is returned into the sludge mixed liquor, while the fraction containing mostly deflocculated sludge is removed from the system.

The invention relates to a method for separating solids and liquids in suspensions, in particular sewage sludge (K), said method working by adding flocculants (F1) and/or flocculating agents. The suspension, in particular the sewage sludge (K), is observed by means of a sensor (S1). In a first method step, flocculants (F1) and/or flocculating agents are added to a first mixing stage (M1) until the sensor (S1) detects the formation of first flocs. The addition of the flocculant (F1) and/or the flocculating agent is then interrupted so that the suspension, in particular the sewage sludge (K), has a defined, specifically a first, floc-comprising state at that moment. The suspension, in particular the sewage sludge (K), is now fed to a further mixing stage (M2, MM). In this further mixing stage (M2, MM), the same (F1) or another (F2, F3) flocculant or flocculating agent is added in a quantity which is predefined and which, starting from the defined state of the suspension, in particular the sewage sludge (K), causes a desired amount of flocs in the suspension, in particular the sewage sludge (K). The resulting mixture is then fed directly or indirectly to a solid/liquid separation system.

The present invention relates to a mobile system for continuous, automatic, online monitoring of water quality and particle sampling in a drinking water distribution network, comprising: a mobile unit provided with means for supplying, from at least a selected one of the plurality of points in the drinking water distribution network, a corresponding, selected influent fluid sample stream; means for discharging a corresponding, selected effluent fluid sample stream; for each selected influent fluid sample stream, a respectively associated continuous monitor module.