Laser waveguides, methods and systems for forming a laser waveguide are provided. The waveguide includes an inner cladding layer surrounding a central axis and a glass core surrounding and located outside of the inner cladding layer. The glass core includes a laser-active material. The waveguide includes an outer cladding layer surrounding and located outside of the glass core. The inner cladding, outer cladding and/or core may surround a hollow central channel or bore and may be annular in shape.

A tempered glass of the present invention includes as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 40% to 60% of SiO.sub.2, 15% to 25% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 13.5% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 12% to 24% of Na.sub.2O, and 0% to less than 3% of MgO.

A tempered glass of the present invention includes as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 40% to 60% of SiO.sub.2, 15% to 25% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 13.5% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 12% to 24% of Na.sub.2O, and 0% to less than 3% of MgO.

Provided is an electronic device, which includes a first protector covering a first surface of the electronic device, wherein the first surface includes a curved region formed by the first protector and an opening region at least partially surrounded by the curved region, a camera module disposed inside the electronic device, and a bracket supporting the camera module. The camera module includes a lens assembly including a lens, a driver controlling the lens assembly, and a planar glass protecting the lens assembly. The planar glass is disposed at the opening region of the first surface.

Provided is an electronic device, which includes a first protector covering a first surface of the electronic device, wherein the first surface includes a curved region formed by the first protector and an opening region at least partially surrounded by the curved region, a camera module disposed inside the electronic device, and a bracket supporting the camera module. The camera module includes a lens assembly including a lens, a driver controlling the lens assembly, and a planar glass protecting the lens assembly. The planar glass is disposed at the opening region of the first surface.

A method includes contacting a glass sheet with a forming surface to form a shaped glass article. An effective viscosity of the glass sheet during the contacting step is less than a contact viscosity of the glass sheet in contact with the forming surface during the contacting step.

A method includes contacting a glass sheet with a forming surface to form a shaped glass article. An effective viscosity of the glass sheet during the contacting step is less than a contact viscosity of the glass sheet in contact with the forming surface during the contacting step.

A mold stack for forming 3D glass-based articles includes a plenum and a cooling structure integrated with the plenum. The mold stack includes a mold with a flange that can be used to mount the mold on the plenum. The mold stack includes features to reduce mold warp without significantly increasing thermal mass.

Glass laminates, comprising more than one glass composition, are becoming increasingly common as the industry moves towards lighter and stronger glazing. Bending dissimilar glass compositions can present problems. A mismatch in the glass viscosity curves, especially in the viscoelastic region of the compositions can result in one layer becoming softer than one of the other layers during the thermal bending process. As a result, economical processes, such as gravity or press bending in which multiple glass layers are simultaneously bent, may not be practical to use forcing the use of more expensive single glass layer bending processes. By thermal treatment processes the fictive temperature of at least one of the glass compositions prior to bending can be shifted to better match the other compositions allowing the glass layers to be simultaneously bent.

Glass laminates, comprising more than one glass composition, are becoming increasingly common as the industry moves towards lighter and stronger glazing. Bending dissimilar glass compositions can present problems. A mismatch in the glass viscosity curves, especially in the viscoelastic region of the compositions can result in one layer becoming softer than one of the other layers during the thermal bending process. As a result, economical processes, such as gravity or press bending in which multiple glass layers are simultaneously bent, may not be practical to use forcing the use of more expensive single glass layer bending processes. By thermal treatment processes the fictive temperature of at least one of the glass compositions prior to bending can be shifted to better match the other compositions allowing the glass layers to be simultaneously bent.