Provided is a method of producing a manufactured object including forming the manufactured object by performing, once or a plurality of times, a step of forming a powder layer from material powders containing powders of an inorganic compound and a step of irradiating a predetermined region of a surface of the powder layer with an energy beam and thereby fusing/solidifying the material powders. In the step of fusing/solidifying the material powders, an amorphous-rich region and a crystalline-rich region are formed separately by changing at least one of an output of the energy beam, a relative position between the surface of the powder layer and a focus of the energy beam, and a scanning rate.

A method of producing a ceramic manufactured object including (i) a step of leveling a ceramic powder to form a powder layer, (ii) a step of irradiating the powder layer with a laser beam based on three-dimensional data to crystallize an irradiated site, and (iii) performing the steps (i) and (ii) in repetition, wherein in the step (ii), a surface of the powder layer is irradiated with the laser beam in an unfocused state.

A glass ceramic containing lithium-ions and having a garnet-like main crystal phase having an amorphous proportion of at least 5% is disclosed. The garnet-like main crystal phase preferably has the chemical formula Li.sub.7+xyM.sub.x.sup.IIM.sub.3x.sup.IIIM.sub.2y.sup.IVM.sub.y.sup.VO.sub.12, wherein M.sup.II is a bivalent cation, M.sup.III is a trivalent cation, M.sup.IV is a tetravalent cation, M.sup.V is a pentavalent cation. The glass ceramic is prepared by a melting technology preferably within a Skull crucible and has an ion conductivity of at least 5.Math.10.sup.5 S/cm, preferably of at least 1.Math.10.sup.4 S/cm.

A sapphire sheet is laminated to a glass sheet with a gradient layer that transitions from a composition of predominantly Al.sub.2O.sub.3 at the sapphire sheet to a composition of predominantly SiO.sub.2 at the glass sheet. The gradient layer chemically bonds to both the sapphire sheet and the glass sheet and has no distinct interfaces.

Methods of manufacturing a glass-based article includes exposing a glass-based substrate having a lithium aluminosilicate composition to an ion exchange treatment to form the glass-based article. The ion exchange treatment including a molten salt bath having a concentration of a sodium salt in a range from 8 mol % to 100 mol %. The glass-based article includes sodium having a non-zero varying concentration extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of the glass-based article The glass-based article has compressive stress layer extending from the surface to a spike depth of layer from 4 micrometers to 8 micrometers. The glass-based article includes a molar ratio of potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) to sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O) averaged over a distance from the surface to a depth of 0.4 micrometers that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.8.

Methods of manufacturing a glass-based article includes exposing a glass-based substrate having a lithium aluminosilicate composition to an ion exchange treatment to form the glass-based article. The ion exchange treatment including a molten salt bath having a concentration of a sodium salt in a range from 8 mol % to 100 mol %. The glass-based article includes sodium having a non-zero varying concentration extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of the glass-based article The glass-based article has compressive stress layer extending from the surface to a spike depth of layer from 4 micrometers to 8 micrometers. The glass-based article includes a molar ratio of potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) to sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O) averaged over a distance from the surface to a depth of 0.4 micrometers that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.8.

A glass ceramic containing lithium-ions and having a garnet-like main crystal phase having an amorphous proportion of at least 5% is disclosed. The garnet-like main crystal phase preferably has the chemical formula Li.sub.7+xyM.sub.x.sup.IIM.sub.3x.sup.IIIM.sub.2y.sup.IVM.sub.y.sup.VO.sub.12, wherein M.sup.II is a bivalent cation, M.sup.III is a trivalent cation, M.sup.IV is a tetravalent cation, M.sup.V is a pentavalent cation. The glass ceramic is prepared by a melting technology preferably within a Skull crucible and has an ion conductivity of at least 5.Math.10.sup.5 S/cm, preferably of at least 1.Math.10.sup.4 S/cm.

The present invention relates to a glass, in particular a glass for joining glass panes in order to produce vacuum insulated glasses at processing temperatures of 450 C., to the corresponding composite glass, and to the corresponding glass paste. The present invention further relates to a vacuum insulated glass produced by means of the glass paste according to the invention, to the production process thereof, and to the use of the glass according to the invention or of the composite glass and of the glass paste. The glass according to the invention is characterized in that said glass comprises the following components in wt %: TeO.sub.2V.sub.2O.sub.5 glass in the range of 60-100 wt %, high temperature glasses, selected from the group consisting of lead glass, bismuth glass, zinc glass, barium glass, calcium glass, alkali silicate glass, in the range of 0-20 wt %, and reactive oxides, selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, La.sub.2O.sub.3, ZnO, Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, zircon, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, V.sub.2O.sub.5, TeO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, SnO, SnO.sub.2, FeO, MnO, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, CoO, oxide pigments, or a combination thereof, in the range of 0-20 wt %.

The present invention relates to a glass block including: Si; and at least one of Mg and Ca, and satisfying, in terms of mol %, 49.0% or less of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 11.5% or less of P.sub.2O.sub.5, 10.0 to 59.5% of a (=SiO.sub.2+B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5+GeO.sub.2), 66.5% or less of (a+Al.sub.2O.sub.3), 7.0% or less of Ga.sub.2O.sub.3, 0.44 or less of b (=Al.sub.2O.sub.3+Ga.sub.2O.sub.3+In.sub.2O.sub.3)/a, 20.0% or more of R.sup.2O (R.sup.2: alkaline earth metal), 50.0% or less of MgO, MgO?BaO, CaO?BaO, SrO?BaO, MgO?SrO, CaO?SrO, 1.2% or less of R.sup.1.sub.2O (R.sup.1: alkali metal), 4.8% or less of TiO.sub.2 or ZrO.sub.2, 9.5% or less of MnO.sub.2, 11.8% or less of ZnO, 0.067 or less of Ta.sub.2O.sub.5/SiO.sub.2, 15.0% or less of an impurity element, and 0.20 or less of F/O.

A glass composition, a device and a method for producing the device are disclosed. In an embodiment, the glass composition includes a tellurium oxide in a proportion of at least 65 mol. % and at most 90 mol. %, R.sup.1O in a proportion between 0 mol. % and 20 mol. %, wherein R.sup.1 is selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Mn and combinations thereof and at least one M.sup.1.sub.2O in a proportion between 5 mol. % and 25 mol. %, wherein M.sup.1 is selected from Li, Na, K and combinations thereof. The glass component further includes at least one R.sup.2.sub.2O.sub.3 in a proportion between 1 mol. % and 3 mol. %, wherein R.sup.2 is selected from Al, Ga, In, Bi, Sc, Y, La, rare earths and combinations thereof, and M.sup.2O.sub.2 in a proportion between 0 mol. % and 2 mol. %, wherein M.sup.2 is selected from Ti, Zr, Hf and combinations thereof.