Glass compositions include phosphorus oxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5), niobia (Nb.sub.2O.sub.5), barium oxide (BaO) and potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) as essential components and may optionally include titania (TiO.sub.2), calcium oxide (CaO), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), strontium oxide (SrO), tungsten oxide (WO.sub.3) and other components. The glasses may be characterized by high refractive index at 587.56 nm at comparably low density at room temperature.

Glass compositions include phosphorus oxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5), niobia (Nb.sub.2O.sub.5), barium oxide (BaO) and potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) as essential components and may optionally include titania (TiO.sub.2), calcium oxide (CaO), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), strontium oxide (SrO), tungsten oxide (WO.sub.3) and other components. The glasses may be characterized by high refractive index at 587.56 nm at comparably low density at room temperature.

A method of forming a solid, dense, hermetic lithium-ion electrolyte membrane comprises combing an amorphous, glassy, or low melting temperature solid reactant with a refractory oxide reactant to form a mixture, casting the mixture to form a green body, and sintering the green body to form a solid membrane. The resulting electrolyte membranes can be incorporated into lithium-ion batteries.

A method of forming a solid, dense, hermetic lithium-ion electrolyte membrane comprises combing an amorphous, glassy, or low melting temperature solid reactant with a refractory oxide reactant to form a mixture, casting the mixture to form a green body, and sintering the green body to form a solid membrane. The resulting electrolyte membranes can be incorporated into lithium-ion batteries.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing all-solid-state photonic crystal fiber preform by extrusion. Firstly, aligning the center of the first jacking end of the first jacking rod with the center of the core outlet mold. The adverse effect on this part of extruded core glass by oxygen or other impurities in air during the extrusion out of the core outlets can be avoided. The defects on the core glass surface and the cladding glass surface can be effectively removed, and the purity and quality of the core component in the obtained fiber preform can be improved.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing all-solid-state photonic crystal fiber preform by extrusion. Firstly, aligning the center of the first jacking end of the first jacking rod with the center of the core outlet mold. The adverse effect on this part of extruded core glass by oxygen or other impurities in air during the extrusion out of the core outlets can be avoided. The defects on the core glass surface and the cladding glass surface can be effectively removed, and the purity and quality of the core component in the obtained fiber preform can be improved.

A method of forming metallic nanoparticles in glass is disclosed that creates evenly distributed metallic nanoparticles with desired size in any glass type.

Formation of a source of electrons trapped on the surface of the glass particles by crushing and grinding glass material into powder followed by heat treatment of the glass powder to neutralise metal ions doped in the glass by the trapped source of electrons, followed by the aggregation and growth of the metal into nanoparticles. The present method allows the homogeneous distribution of metal nanoparticles throughout the glass volume. The size and concentration of the metallic nanoparticles is controlled by the heat treatment temperature and duration as well as the amount of metal ions.

The present disclosure relates to a bonding glass which has improved water resistance and has a coefficient of thermal expansion (25-300) of from 14.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1 to 17.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1, comprising, in mol % on an oxide basis, 5-7 of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 10-14 of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 36-43 of P.sub.2O.sub.5, 15-22 of Na.sub.2O, 12.5-20 of K.sub.2O, 2-6 of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 and >0-6 of R oxide, where R oxide is an oxide selected from the group consisting of MnO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2 and Ta.sub.2O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2 and CaO. The bonding glass is free of PbO except for, at most, impurities. The bonding glass may have a glass transition temperature Tg of from 390 C. to 430 C. The present disclosure also relates to uses of this bonding glass.

The present disclosure relates to a bonding glass which has improved water resistance and has a coefficient of thermal expansion (25-300) of from 14.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1 to 17.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1, comprising, in mol % on an oxide basis, 5-7 of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 10-14 of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 36-43 of P.sub.2O.sub.5, 15-22 of Na.sub.2O, 12.5-20 of K.sub.2O, 2-6 of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 and >0-6 of R oxide, where R oxide is an oxide selected from the group consisting of MnO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2 and Ta.sub.2O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2 and CaO. The bonding glass is free of PbO except for, at most, impurities. The bonding glass may have a glass transition temperature Tg of from 390 C. to 430 C. The present disclosure also relates to uses of this bonding glass.

A light guide plate includes: an optical glass, the optical glass having a refractive index n.sub.d of at least 1.75 or of at least 1.80 and including Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 in an amount of at least 15 mol % and P.sub.2O.sub.5 in an amount of at least 19 mol %, the light guide plate having an internal transmission of at least 0.80 or of at least 0.90, measured at a wavelength of 440 nm and a sample thickness of 10 mm.