An electrical storage system is provided that has a thickness of less than 2 mm and includes comprises at least one sheet-like discrete element. At least one surface of the at least one sheet-like discrete element is designed to be chemically reactive to a reduced degree, inert, and/or permeable to a reduced degree, and/or impermeable with respect to materials coming into contact with the surface. Also provided are a sheet-like discrete element and to the production and use thereof.

A composite material for a pharmaceutical packaging is provided that includes a substrate and a protective layer. The substrate has a contact region in contact with the protective layer. The contact region includes a contact area between the substrate and the protective layer and a region of the substrate close to the surface. The substrate is made of glass or of a cyclic olefin polymer or a cyclic olefin copolymer, while the protective layer is made of ceramic material. The substrate in the contact region is different from the substrate outside the contact region.

A substrate having a scratch resistance enhancing coating with improved cleanability and methods for producing such a coating are provided. The coating includes at least one high refractive index transparent hard material layer and includes aluminum nitride. The coating exhibits a contact angle for water of greater than 75.

A vanadium silicon nitride film formed as a hard film to a base material satisfies 0.30a/b1.7 and 0.24b0.36 when a=vanadium element concentration [at %]/(vanadium element concentration [at %]+silicon element concentration [at %]+nitrogen element concentration [at %]) and b=silicon element concentration [at %]/(vanadium element concentration [at %]+silicon element concentration [at %]+nitrogen element concentration [at %]), and has a hardness of 2300 HV or more.

A reflective mask blank includes a multilayer reflective film, a first thin film, and a second thin film in this order on a main surface of a substrate, a relative reflectance R.sub.2 of the second thin film with respect to a reflectance of the multilayer reflective film in the light of 13.5 nm wavelength is 3% or more, and an extinction coefficient k.sub.1 of the first thin film in the light of 13.5 nm wavelength and a thickness d.sub.1 [nm] of the first thin film satisfy a relationship of (Formula 1).

21.5?k.sub.1.sup.2?d.sub.1.sup.2?52.5?k.sub.1?d.sub.1+32.1>R.sub.2(Formula 1)

An article is described herein that includes: a substrate having a glass, glass-ceramic or a ceramic composition and comprising a primary surface; and a protective film disposed on the primary surface. The protective film comprises a thickness of greater than 1.5 microns and a maximum hardness of greater than 15 GPa at a depth of 500 nanometers, as measured on the film disposed on the substrate. Further, the protective film comprises a metal oxynitride that is graded such that an oxygen concentration in the film varies by 1.3 or more atomic %. In addition, the substrate comprises an elastic modulus less than an elastic modulus of the film.

A glass-based substrate having a Young's modulus, a first surface, and a second surface. A coating, on at least one of the first and second surfaces, having a Young's modulus equal to or greater than the substrate Young's modulus. A compressive region having a compressive stress CS of from 750 MPa to 1200 MPa at a surface and extending to a depth of compression (DOC). The compressive region having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion extending from the first surface up to a first depth, the second portion extending from the first depth to the DOC, points in the first portion comprise a tangent having a slope that is less than 15 MPa/micrometers and greater than 60 MPa/micrometers, and points in the second portion comprise a tangent having a slope that is less than or equal to 1 MPa/micrometers and greater than 12 MPa/micrometers.

A coated article includes a substrate having a major surface, and an optical coating disposed on the major surface of the substrate. At least a portion of the optical coating includes a residual compressive stress of about 50 MPa or more. The coated article has strain-to-failure of about 0.5% or more as measured by a Ring-on-Ring Tensile Testing Procedure. The coated article has an average photopic transmission of about 80% or greater.

The present disclosure relates to products and methods for modifying the reflection of a light source in a fireplace and other products.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thin film of nanomaterial, the method comprising forming a non-precipitating dispersion solution of nano-particles in a solvent, centrifuging the dispersion solution at a controlled temperature, pressure, and centrifugation velocity and using a combination of centrifugal/centripetal force, hydrodynamic friction force, and weak interactive forces (Van der Waals and similar) in centrifuging manner to form a thin film over the substrate.