Various embodiments comprise a laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell for performing spectroscopy on particles like atoms or molecules. In some examples, the laser bonded glass-silicon vapor cell comprises a glass base, a glass top, a silicon piece, and a filling material. The silicon piece comprises at least one through hole. The lower surface of the silicon piece is hermetically bonded to the glass base. The upper surface of the silicon piece is laser bonded to the glass top. The filling material is positioned in a cavity formed by the through hole, the glass base, and the glass top. The filling material may comprise an alkali metal, a salt slush, an inert gas, or a vacuum encapsulation.

A facade element includes a coloring transparent or semi-transparent first pane and a mechanically supporting transparent second pane firmly connected to one another by an intermediate layer. The first pane has a front surface arranged on the light incidence side and an opposite back surface, at least one surface of the front and back surfaces has at least one structured region, and at least one optical interference layer is arranged on the at least one surface for reflecting light within a predetermined wavelength range. The structured region has the following features: perpendicular to the plane of the first pane, a height profile comprising peaks and valleys, wherein an average height difference between the peaks and valleys is at least 2 μm, at least 50% of the structured region is composed of segments which are inclined with respect to the plane of the first pane (2).

A simple, highly versatile method for fixing smooth materials that utilizes a water pasting method can be provided by interposing an ionic liquid between smooth materials such as glass or resin not impregnated with an ionic liquid and fixing these smooth materials.

A method of manufacturing large lens arrays from glass includes heating glass to take a form of a glass sheet of viscous liquid glass floating on liquid metal. Large lens arrays are made by the method and devices and systems are used for making the large lens arrays. The glass sheet has a lower surface in contact with the liquid metal and an upper surface on an opposite side of the glass sheet away from the liquid metal. The method applies a gas flow on the upper surface of the glass sheet to cause the upper surface of the glass sheet to form a pattern of convex lenses in response to local variations in a pressure profile of the gas flow; and cooling the glass sheet to solidify into a rigid, patterned glass sheet.

A method of manufacturing large lens arrays from glass includes heating glass to take a form of a glass sheet of viscous liquid glass floating on liquid metal. Large lens arrays are made by the method and devices and systems are used for making the large lens arrays. The glass sheet has a lower surface in contact with the liquid metal and an upper surface on an opposite side of the glass sheet away from the liquid metal. The method applies a gas flow on the upper surface of the glass sheet to cause the upper surface of the glass sheet to form a pattern of convex lenses in response to local variations in a pressure profile of the gas flow; and cooling the glass sheet to solidify into a rigid, patterned glass sheet.

The present invention provides a laminate that can eliminate adsorption defects of a substrate caused by warping of the substrate and enables electronic devices to be manufactured at high yield. The present invention pertains to a laminate that is provided with a support base material, an adhesion layer, and a substrate in said order. The substrate is provided with a dielectric multilayer film in which dielectric layers having different refractive indexes are alternately laminated on an outer surface of the substrate. The substrate provided with the dielectric multilayer film is disposed on the adhesion layer such that the dielectric multilayer film adheres in a peelable manner to the adhesion layer.

A spacer is interposed between a pair of glass substrates facing each other. The spacer is disposed in contact with the pair of glass substrates. The spacer includes a center portion having a plate shape or a columnar shape, and both end portions protruding from both end surfaces of the center portion. At least any one of the both end portions has a spherical cap shape, or a spherical zone shape or a truncated conical shape. A radius A of a base portion at each of the both end portions is equal to a radius B of the center portion, or is smaller than the radius B.

A spacer is interposed between a pair of glass substrates facing each other. The spacer is disposed in contact with the pair of glass substrates. The spacer includes a center portion having a plate shape or a columnar shape, and both end portions protruding from both end surfaces of the center portion. At least any one of the both end portions has a spherical cap shape, or a spherical zone shape or a truncated conical shape. A radius A of a base portion at each of the both end portions is equal to a radius B of the center portion, or is smaller than the radius B.

A glass double-walled beverage container, having an inner body sidewall lower end portion in fluid-tight engagement with an inner body end wall to define an interior beverage cavity, an outer body sidewall lower end portion in fluid-tight engagement with an outer body end wall, the outer body sidewall extending fully about the inner body sidewall, an inner body sidewall upper end portion and an outer body sidewall upper end portion being rigidly connected together and in fluid-tight engagement, the inner body end wall being positioned above and spaced apart from the outer body end wall to provide an interior space therebetween, and a non-glass adhesive material positioned in the interior space adhered to both the inner and outer body end walls. A method of making same is provided.

A glass double-walled beverage container, having an inner body sidewall lower end portion in fluid-tight engagement with an inner body end wall to define an interior beverage cavity, an outer body sidewall lower end portion in fluid-tight engagement with an outer body end wall, the outer body sidewall extending fully about the inner body sidewall, an inner body sidewall upper end portion and an outer body sidewall upper end portion being rigidly connected together and in fluid-tight engagement, the inner body end wall being positioned above and spaced apart from the outer body end wall to provide an interior space therebetween, and a non-glass adhesive material positioned in the interior space adhered to both the inner and outer body end walls. A method of making same is provided.