Disclosed herein are embodiments of a porous aluminum oxide thin film having a surface RMS roughness value of less than 1 nm. The thin film may also comprise phosphorus. The disclosed thin films may have a refractive index of from 1 to 2, such as from 1 to 1.5. Also disclosed are embodiments of as method for making the disclosed thin films, comprising forming an aqueous solution of the alumina precursor, a surfactant and optionally a phosphorus-containing precursor, and depositing the solution on a substrate.

A vehicle glazing includes on its surface to be exposed to the exterior atmosphere, at least in a zone not wiped by the windscreen wipers, a mineral oxide layer of 0.1 to 20 m thickness, 30 to 90% of the volume of which consists of 20 to 300 nm open pores that are distributed uniformly throughout the thickness of the layer, and almost all of which are connected to one another, the internal and external surface of the layer being functionalized with a compound containing a perfluoroalkyl or alkyl functional group, then saturated with a hydrophobic oil that impregnates the functionalized porous layer and forms a film on the surface thereof, the at least one zone being located facing a detecting device such as an anti-collision/obstacle-detecting/security video camera, or similar, placed in the interior of the vehicle, in particular on the face of the glazing.

Disclosed are a manufacturing method of an anti glare layer and a display panel. The method comprises: preparing a spray solution comprising sprayed particles, each having a shell structure; spraying the spray solution uniformly onto the glass substrate by a spraying device to form an arrangement structure on the glass substrate; spraying an acidic liquid on the arrangement structure to remove the shell structures of the sprayed particles each having the shell structure to form gaps among the spray particles; implementing an annealing treatment to the sprayed particles to form the anti glare layer. Thus, the light diffraction effect can be reduce or even eliminated to improve the picture quality of the display for promoting the comfort of the user viewing.

In a known method for producing a quartz glass component, a crystal formation layer containing a crystallization promoter is produced on a coating surface of a base body of quartz glass. Starting therefrom, to provide a method for producing a quartz glass component of improved thermal strength and long-term stability which displays a comparatively small deformation particularly also in the case of rapid heating-up processes, it is suggested according to one aspect that a porous crystal formation layer containing amorphous SiO.sub.2 particles is produced with a mean thickness in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm, and that a substance which contains cesium and/or rubidium is used as the crystallization promoter.

A glazing includes at least one substrate one portion of which includes an electrically conductive element, the conductive element including a connector made of chromium-containing steel, which connector is soldered with a solder based on tin, silver and copper to an electrically conductive track, wherein the electrically conductive track, which is formed by fritting a silver paste including a mixture of silver powder and glass frit, has a resistivity measured at 25? C. lower than or equal to 3.5 ??.Math.cm and a porosity level lower than 20%, the porosity level being measured by scanning electron microscopy from a cross section through the portion of the substrate including the electrically conductive track and having been polished beforehand by ion milling.

Materials and methods for preparing thick, mesoporous silica monolithic slabs and coatings with high transparency and low thermal conductivity are provided. The transparent silica materials are particularly suited for window or solar applications including insulation barriers for existing or new single, double pane windows or glass panel building components. The template-free, water-based sol-gel methods produce slabs or coatings by gelation of a colloidal suspension of silica or other oxide nanoparticles or by ambigel formation and then ageing and drying the gels under ambient conditions. Solvent exchanges with nonpolar, low-surface-tension solvents help to avoid cracking caused by drying stress. Mesoporous slabs can also be cast in molds on perfluorocarbon liquid substrates to reduce adhesion and enable gels to shrink freely during aging and drying without incurring significant stress that could cause fracture.

A coated substrate comprising a coating layer comprising inorganic oxide and pores, the coating layer demonstrates improved durability properties. The coated substrate may for example be used in solar modules. Further a coating formulation and use of the coating formulation are disclosed.

Initial film layers prepared from tin(II) chloride spontaneously generate open cavities when the initial film layers are thermally cured to about 400 C. using a temperature ramp of 1 C./minute to 10 C./minute while exposed to air. The openings of the bowl-shaped cavities have characteristic dimensions whose lengths are in a range of 30 nm to 300 nm in the plane of the top surfaces of the cured film layers. The cured film layers comprise tin oxide and have utility in gas sensors, electrodes, photocells, and solar cells.

The invention relates to a method of making hybrid organic-inorganic core-shell nano-particles, comprising the steps of a) providing colloidal organic particles comprising a synthetic polyampholyte as a template; b) adding at least one inorganic oxide precursor; and c) forming a shell layer from the precursor on the template to result in core-shell nano-particles. With this method it is possible to make colloidal organic template particles having an average particle size in the range of 10 to 300 nm; which size can be controlled by the comonomer composition of the polyampholyte, and/or by selecting dispersion conditions. The invention also relates to organic-inorganic or hollow-inorganic core-shell nano-particles obtained with this method, to compositions comprising such nano-particles, to different uses of said nano-particles and compositions, and to products comprising or made from said nano-particles and compositions, including anti-reflective coatings and composite materials.

The coated glass sheet of the present invention includes: a glass sheet; and a coating film provided on at least one principal surface of the glass sheet. The coating film includes a dense layer and a porous layer. The dense layer is positioned between the porous layer and the glass sheet.