A process for activating a layer supported by a glass substrate includes carrying out a heat treatment in a chamber of a stack of several examples of the glass substrate, the glass substrates being separated by an interlayer powder. The layer to be activated may be an ITO layer, or a titanium oxide layer, or an SiO.sub.2 layer, or a silver layer.

Coated glass or glass ceramic substrates having high temperature resistance, high strength, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. The coating includes pores, is fluid-tight and suitable for coating a temperature-resistant, high-strength glass or glass ceramic substrate with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and to a method for producing such a coated substrate.

The invention provides substrates coated with a hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon layer. The coated substrate has superior properties such as improved hydrophobicity and/or oleophobicity. Also disclosed are methods of making coatings on substrates using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and/or molecular layer deposition (MLD).

A sol-gel method for forming durable, scratch-resistant coatings on glass substrates. Zirconia coatings, for example, are formed from a solution of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate in an organic, polar, aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide. Annealed coatings, which optionally include an additive such as graphene, have a low coefficient of friction and can exhibit high hardness and hydrophobicity.

Disclosed herein is a method of forming a glass coating including making a sol by hydrolyzing an organosilane in the presence of a least one solvent and at least one catalyst, further adding at least one alkoxysilane, and aging the sol for at least 24 hours.

A low-reflection coating of the present invention is a porous film including: fine silica particles being solid and spherical and having an average particle diameter of 80 to 150 nm; and a binder containing silica as a main component, the fine silica particles being bound together by the binder. The binder further contains an aluminum compound. The low-reflection coating contains, as components, 55 to 70 mass % of the fine silica particles, 25 to 40 mass % of the silica of the binder, and 2 to 7 mass % of the aluminum compound in terms of Al.sub.2O.sub.3. The low-reflection coating has a thickness of 80 to 800 nm. The low-reflection coating yields a transmittance gain of 2.5% or more when provided on the substrate. The transmittance gain represents an increase in average transmittance of the substrate provided with the low-reflection coating relative to the substrate not provided with the low-reflection coating, the average transmittance being measured in the wavelength range of 380 to 850 nm.

Glass treatment methods, wafer, panels, and semiconductor devices are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of forming a wafer or panel includes forming an opening through a glass substrate, forming a composite film on the glass substrate and on sidewalls of the opening, and filling the opening.

A method for producing a colored or fluorescent substrate with a view to formation of a colored or fluorescent image including the formation. The method defines on a substrate of a colored or fluorescent matrix, pixels of at least two different colors, wherein each pixel forms a filter for a given color. At least one filter is an interferential filter or a filter obtained with colored or fluorescent particles.

The invention relates to a coating composition comprising an inorganic oxide precursor A.sub.MOx based on at least one inorganic element A selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicium, titanium, zirconium, niobium, indium, tin, antimony, tantalum, and bismuth; and an inorganic oxide precursor B.sub.MOx based on at least one inorganic element B selected from the group consisting of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, and the lanthanoids; wherein A.sub.MOx and B.sub.MOx are capable of forming a mixed inorganic oxide. A coating made from this composition shows enhanced resistance to hydrolysis. The invention also relates to a process for applying a coating on a substrate using such composition, more specifically to a liquid coating composition for use in a process of applying an anti-reflective coating on transparent substrate; to a coated substrate obtained with such process, and to an article, like a solar panel, comprising such coated substrate.

An optical member includes a substrate and an antireflection film on the substrate. The antireflection film includes a porous layer at the surface thereof. The porous layer contains silicon oxide particles and a binder. The porous layer is provided with a fluororesin on at least part of the surface of the porous layer. The contact angle of n-hexadecane on the surface of the antireflection film is in the range of 50 to 80.