The disclosure relates to a touch panel. The touch panel includes a substrate having a surface, a metal nanowire film, at least one electrode, and a conductive trace. The metal nanowire film includes a metal nanowire film. The metal nanowire film includes a number of first metal nanowire bundles parallel with and spaced from each other. Each of the number of first metal nanowire bundles includes a number of first metal nanowires parallel with each other. The first distance between adjacent two of the number of first metal nanowires is less than the second distance between adjacent two of the number of first metal nanowire bundles.

A method to transfer a layer of harder thin film substrate onto a softer, flexible substrate. In particular, the present invention provides a method to deposit a layer of sapphire thin film on to a softer and flexible substrate e.g. quartz, fused silica, silicon, glass, toughened glass, PET, polymers, plastics, paper and fabrics. This combination provides the hardness of sapphire thin film to softer flexible substrates.

A film forming system includes a conveyance carrier configured to hold a substrate and a mask and move inside a conveyance path, the substrate including a film formation area, the mask being configured to shield a film non-formation area other than the film formation area, a conveyance unit disposed on the conveyance path and configured to move the conveyance carrier in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, a film formation unit located along the conveyance path and configured to form a film on the film formation area of the substrate, and a mask supply unit located along the conveyance path and configured to supply the conveyance carrier with the mask.

Method for treating antireflection coatings on an optical substrate (17) involves a stage for carrying out the physical vacuum-deposit of a fluorinated polymer-containing layer having a low refractive index and is characterized in that the stage includes in deposing a silicium or magnesium fluoride/fluorinated polymer hybrid layer (21d) by simultaneous vacuum evaporation of silicium or magnesium fluoride and the fluorinated polymer, In a preferred embodiment, the fluorinated polymer is embodied in the form of a polymer or tetrafluorethylen polymer and the components are evaporated by a Joule effect or by electron bombardment. The method is advantageously used for improving the adherence of a low refractive index layer to a subjacent layer of a pile of antireflection coatings which is deposited on any optical substrate or the inventive substrate. The substrate produced by the method and a device for carrying out the method are also disclosed.

The disclosure relates to a touch panel. The touch panel includes a substrate having a surface, a transparent conductive layer, at least one electrode, and a conductive trace. The transparent conductive layer includes a metal nanowire film. The metal nanowire film includes a number of first metal nanowire bundles parallel with and spaced from each other. Each of the number of first metal nanowire bundles includes a number of first metal nanowires parallel with each other. The first distance between adjacent two of the number of first metal nanowires is less than the second distance between adjacent two of the number of first metal nanowire bundles.

Provided is a film-covered transparent base plate having an excellent aesthetic appearance even during turn-off of a light source. A film-covered transparent base plate 1 includes a transparent base plate 2 and a light-absorbing film 3 provided on one principal surface 2a of the transparent base plate 2 and the light-absorbing film 3 includes a dielectric phase made of a material having a band gap of not less than 2.0 eV and not more than 2.7 eV and a metallic phase.

A method to transfer a layer of harder thin film substrate onto a softer, flexible substrate. In particular, the present invention provides a method to deposit a layer of sapphire thin film on to a softer and flexible substrate e.g. quartz, fused silica, silicon, glass, toughened glass, PET, polymers, plastics, paper and fabrics. This combination provides the hardness of sapphire thin film to softer flexible substrates.

Superhydrophilic and antifogging non-porous TiO.sub.2 films for glass substrates and methods of providing the TiO.sub.2 films are provided. The TiO.sub.2 films may maintain a water contact angle less than 5 in the dark for five days after an annealing treatment, and the water contact angle of the TiO.sub.2 films may stabilize at less than 20 after ten days from the annealing treatment. The TiO.sub.2 films may have a thickness of about 20 nm and may be transparent. The methods may include depositing a TiO.sub.2 film on a glass substrate using e-beam evaporation. The methods may further include annealing the TiO.sub.2 film after depositing the TiO.sub.2 film on the glass substrate. The methods may not include UV radiation.

One embodiment of the invention provides a head up display (HUD) apparatus for a vehicle, comprising a display surface, and a light source including one or more narrow band emitters for directing light towards the display surface and forming an image. At least part of the display surface is selectively more reflective at wavelengths corresponding to wavelengths of light emitted by the one or more narrow band emitters for a given angle of incidence relative to other wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum at the same angle of incidence.

Transparent and insulating materials having evacuated capsules are provided. According to an aspect of the invention, a method includes forming evacuated capsules within a solution, and dispersing and suspending the evacuated capsules within the solution such that a packing density of the evacuated capsules within the solution is greater than 30%, and a visible light transmission of the solution including the evacuated capsules is greater than 75%. According to another aspect of the invention, a layer includes a plurality of evacuated capsules distributed within a dried sol-gel. A thermal conductivity of the layer is between 0.02 W/m-K and 0.001 W/m-K, and the layer has a visible light transmission of greater than 30%.