Provided are a method for easily and quickly producing a patterned thin film having a high refractive index and a high transparency, and a highly refractive thin film produced by the method. The method comprises a first step: a step of forming, on a substrate, a coating using a sol containing a metal oxide modified with a phosphorus compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R.sup.2 is a divalent organic residue; and n is 1 or 2); a second step: a step of curing the coating on the substrate obtained in the first step by light irradiation; and a third step: a step of further adding energy to the cured film obtained in the second step by heating and/or light irradiation.

The present disclosure provides a glass substrate to which water repellency that is not lost by a heat treatment is imparted. Provided is a water-repellent-film-attached glass article including a glass substrate and a water-repellent film on the glass substrate. The water-repellent film includes cerium oxide, a contact angle of water on a surface of the water-repellent film is 75° or greater, and the contact angle is 75° or greater after the glass article is exposed to a thermal treatment at 760° C. for 4 minutes.

A method of making an antimicrobial article including the steps: providing an article having a first surface and ion-exchangeable metal ions, a strengthening bath comprising ion-exchanging metal ions larger in size than the ion-exchangeable metal ions, and an antimicrobial bath comprising antimicrobial ions, ion-exchangeable metal ions and ion-exchanging ions; submersing the article in the strengthening bath to exchange ion-exchangeable metal ions with ion-exchanging metal ions in the strengthening bath to form a compressive stress region extending from the first surface to a first depth; forming a layer on the first surface arranged over the compressive stress region and defining a second surface; and submersing the article and the layer in the antimicrobial bath to exchange ion-exchangeable and ion-exchanging metal ions in the compressive stress region with antimicrobial ions to impart an antimicrobial region with antimicrobial ions extending from the second surface of the layer to a second depth.

A coated glazing useful for vehicles includes a first glass substrate, and a heatable coating formed on the first glass substrate, the heatable coating including at least one heatable layer, at least one dielectric layer, and at least one integrated portion of a heatable layer and a dielectric layer, wherein the integrated portion is formed in a differential heating area of the heatable coating, for variably heating the first glass substrate for deicing wiper park areas or any other heating desirable areas.

Described herein is a method of forming a reflective article comprising applying an anti-fog composition to a major surface of a reflective substrate, the anti-fog composition comprising an anti-fog agent and a liquid carrier and having a solid's content between about 15 wt. % to about 35 wt. % based on the total weight of the anti-fog composition, and subsequently heating the reflective substrate to a temperature of about 80° F. to about 325° F. for a drying period, and wherein the liquid carrier comprises water and a hydroxyl-containing component.

A wafer including a glass substrate is provided. The glass substrate includes a first surface defining a plane and including a surface roughness R.sub.a of approximately 0.3 nm in an outer via region and a second surface. The glass substrate defines a plurality of vias extending from the first surface. The plurality of vias each include an entrance defined by the first surface.

A low-reflection coated glass sheet of the present invention includes a glass sheet and a low-reflection coating formed on at least a portion of a principal surface of the glass sheet. The low-reflection coating contains 60 mass % to 100 mass % of a silica material having a continuous structure. The low-reflection coated glass sheet of the present invention maintains a large transmittance gain even when scraping against foreign matters.

An embodiment of the present invention discloses a polyimide coating method, which includes the following steps: providing a glass substrate and at least one nozzle; applying the nozzle to a polyimide solution onto the glass substrate to form a polyimide film; and moving the glass substrate to have the glass substrate pass through a roller that includes a printing plate so that the roller that includes the printing plate shapes the polyimide film uniformly distributed on the glass substrate to have a surface of the polyimide film formed on the glass substrate uniform and flat. The present invention also provides a polyimide coating device. The polyimide coating method and device of the present invention shorten coating time of polyimide, increase coating efficiency, and reduce coating cost.

Antireflective nanoparticle coatings and methods of forming the coatings on substrates are disclosed. One method for forming an antireflective coating includes depositing a nanoparticle coating layer on a substrate, wherein the nanoparticle coating layer includes a colloidal solution of nanoparticles and a solidifying material. The solidifying material includes a silica precursor. The method further includes curing the solidifying material to form silica inter-particle connections between adjacent nanoparticles and between at least some of the nanoparticles and the substrate to bind the nanoparticles to each other and to the substrate to form the antireflective coating.

An article includes a substrate that is transparent, the substrate being covered on at least one of its faces, totally or partly, with a protective layer based on zirconium and aluminum mixed oxide.