Provided are an active and passive integrated fireproof heat-insulating board and a preparation method thereof, including: n passive fireproof layers and n or n+1 active fireproof layers, the passive fireproof layers and the active fireproof layers are overlapped with each other into a whole. Each passive fireproof layer includes an inorganic fiber felt and an aerogel; the aerogel is obtained by curing an aerogel stock solution having adhesiveness, and the aerogel stock solution includes, in parts by mass, 1000 to 4000 parts of silica sol, 50 to 150 parts of soluble silicate, 10 to 50 parts of a phosphate adhesive, 5 to 20 parts of quicklime, 5 to 50 parts of titanium dioxide, 10 to 50 parts of calcium stearate, 5 to 50 parts of a hydrophobic modifier, 5 to 50 parts of an acid-base regulator, and 1000 to 4000 parts of a solvent.