An article that includes a substrate; a first layer including yttria and zirconia or hafnia, where the first layer has a columnar microstructure and includes predominately the zirconia or hafnia; a second layer on the first layer, the second layer including zirconia or hafnia, ytterbia, samaria, and at least one of lutetia, scandia, ceria, neodymia, europia, and gadolinia, where the second layer includes predominately zirconia or hafnia, and where the second layer has a columnar microstructure; and a third layer on the second layer, the third layer including zirconia or hafnia, ytterbia, samaria, and a rare earth oxide including at least one of lutetia, scandia, ceria, neodymia, europia, and gadolinia, where the third layer has a dense microstructure and has a lower porosity than the second layer.

The present invention relates to carbon material having, on the base material, a coating layer that includes tantalum carbide (TaC), and a method for producing the carbon material. For example, the carbon material may include a base material and a coating layer on the surface of the base material. The coating layer may include TaC having average crystal grain size of 10-50 m.

An article that includes a substrate; a first layer including yttria and zirconia or hafnia, where the first layer has a columnar microstructure and includes predominately the zirconia or hafnia; a second layer on the first layer, the second layer including zirconia or hafnia, ytterbia, samaria, and at least one of lutetia, scandia, ceria, neodymia, europia, and gadolinia, where the second layer includes predominately zirconia or hafnia, and where the second layer has a columnar microstructure; and a third layer on the second layer, the third layer including zirconia or hafnia, ytterbia, samaria, and a rare earth oxide including at least one of lutetia, scandia, ceria, neodymia, europia, and gadolinia, where the third layer has a dense microstructure and has a lower porosity than the second layer.

The invention relates to a method for producing thin layers of silicon carbide by means of a solution or dispersion containing carbon and silicon.

The present invention relates to carbon material having, on the base material, a coating layer that includes TaC, and a method for producing the carbon material. For example, the carbon material may include a base material and a coating layer on the surface of the base material. The coating layer may include TaC, which may have a maximum diffraction peak value on the (111) surface, where diffraction peak values may be generated by diffractions of X-rays in XRD analysis.

The present invention relates to carbon material having, on the base material, a coating layer that includes tantalum carbide (TaC), and a method for producing the carbon material. For example, the carbon material may include a base material and a coating layer on the surface of the base material. The coating layer may include TaC having average crystal grain size of 10-50 m.

A knife may include a blade having a first side face and a second side face. The blade may include zirconia as a main component, and include a cutting region including at least a ridge portion between the first side face and the second side face. When a portion including the cutting region in the first side face is referred to as a first cutting face, and a portion including the cutting region in the second side face is referred to as a second cutting face, the proportion of cubic crystals of zirconia in the first cutting face may be larger than the proportion of cubic crystals of zirconia in the second cutting face.

A method of curing a low Ca/Mg cement composition is described that includes providing a predetermined quantity of the low Ca/Mg cement composition in uncured form; and reacting the uncured low Ca/Mg cement composition with a reagent chemical for a time sufficient to cure said cementitious material, wherein said reagent chemical is a compound synthesized from CO.sub.2 and comprises dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, or alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids.

The present application relates to a refractory lining in a combustion chamber operating in a reducing atmosphere, said lining comprising at least one or more Zirconia (Zr)-based refractory lining members comprising one or more Zr-based parts, wherein the Zr-based parts comprises at least 90 wt. %, preferably at least 95 wt. %, of monoclinic ZrO>.sub.2 and/or partially stabilized ZrO>.sub.2 and/or fully stabilized ZrO>.sub.2, wherein the total content of tetragonal and cubic ZrO>.sub.2 amounts to at least 20 wt. %, preferably more than 35 wt. % as well as Zr based refractory lining members and methods for manufacturing said Zr based refractory lining members.

A radiator includes a heat radiation ceramic material. The heat radiation ceramic material includes a first metal oxide as a principal component, the first metal oxide being a metal oxide having a wurtzite crystal structure; and a second metal oxide as a metal oxide having an average emissivity higher than or equal to 70% in a wavelength range of 3 ?m to 25 ?m inclusive. At least one of a trivalent metal-doped metal oxide where some metal atoms of the first metal oxide are substituted with trivalent metal atoms and a monovalent metal-doped metal oxide where some metal atoms of the first metal oxide are substituted with monovalent metal atoms is included as the second metal oxide.