This invention is directed to transition metal-based-halloysite nanocomposites and methods of making and using the same.

This invention is directed to transition metal-based-halloysite nanocomposites and methods of making and using the same.

The present invention provides an ethylene separation process comprising an first and second deethanizer columns and an acetylene converter, thereby providing an ethylene stream having a purity of 99 wt % or more to the middle of an ethylene separation column. The present invention increases the production amount of ethylene and also reduces energy consumption by passing the feed through a preliminary ethylene separation process, without having to change existing facilities in which an acetylene converter is provided downstream of the deethanizer column.

The present invention provides an ethylene separation process comprising an first and second deethanizer columns and an acetylene converter, thereby providing an ethylene stream having a purity of 99 wt % or more to the middle of an ethylene separation column. The present invention increases the production amount of ethylene and also reduces energy consumption by passing the feed through a preliminary ethylene separation process, without having to change existing facilities in which an acetylene converter is provided downstream of the deethanizer column.

Processes and apparatuses for producing a C.sub.8 aromatic isomer product are provided. The processes comprise introducing a raffinate product stream comprising C.sub.8 aromatic isomers to an isomerization unit to provide an isomerized stream. The isomerized stream is separated to provide a first stream comprising C.sub.8 naphthenes and C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbons and a second stream comprising C.sub.8 aromatic isomers. The first stream is passed to an extractive distillation column to provide a recycle feedstream comprising the C.sub.8 naphthenes and an extract stream comprising the C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbons. The recycle feedstream is passed to the isomerization unit.

Processes and apparatuses for producing a C.sub.8 aromatic isomer product are provided. The processes comprise introducing a raffinate product stream comprising C.sub.8 aromatic isomers to an isomerization unit to provide an isomerized stream. The isomerized stream is separated to provide a first stream comprising C.sub.8 naphthenes and C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbons and a second stream comprising C.sub.8 aromatic isomers. The first stream is passed to an extractive distillation column to provide a recycle feedstream comprising the C.sub.8 naphthenes and an extract stream comprising the C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbons. The recycle feedstream is passed to the isomerization unit.

Processes and apparatuses for producing a C.sub.8 aromatic isomer product are provided. The processes comprise introducing a raffinate product stream comprising C.sub.8 aromatic isomers to an isomerization unit to provide an isomerized stream. The isomerized stream is separated to provide a first stream comprising C.sub.8 naphthenes and C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbons and a second stream comprising C.sub.8 aromatic isomers. The first stream is passed to an extractive distillation column to provide a recycle feedstream comprising the C.sub.8 naphthenes and an extract stream comprising the C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbons. The recycle feedstream is passed to the isomerization unit.

Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 reeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a traction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system. Other aspects of the C5 olefin systems and processes, including catalyst configurations and control schemes, are also described.

Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 reeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a traction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system. Other aspects of the C5 olefin systems and processes, including catalyst configurations and control schemes, are also described.

Producing C5 olefins from steam cracker C5 feeds may include reacting a mixed hydrocarbon stream comprising cyclopentadiene, C5 olefins, and C6+ hydrocarbons in a dimerization reactor where cyclopentadiene is dimerized to dicyclopentadiene. The dimerization reactor effluent may be separated into a fraction comprising the C6+ hydrocarbons and dicyclopentadiene and a second fraction comprising C5 olefins and C5 dienes. The second fraction, a saturated hydrocarbon diluent stream, and hydrogen may be fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently separating linear C5 olefins from saturated hydrocarbon diluent, cyclic C5 olefins, and C5 dienes contained in the second fraction and selectively hydrogenating C5 dienes. An overhead distillate including the linear C5 olefins and a bottoms product including cyclic C5 olefins are recovered from the catalytic distillation reactor system. Other aspects of the C5 olefin systems and processes, including catalyst configurations and control schemes, are also described.