Disclosed is a method for providing improved hydrogenation activity by pretreating a catalyst in a three-step manner before selective hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons in an aromatic fraction in the presence of an oxide-type bimetallic (particularly nickel-molybdenum) supported catalyst.

Disclosed is a method for providing improved hydrogenation activity by pretreating a catalyst in a three-step manner before selective hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons in an aromatic fraction in the presence of an oxide-type bimetallic (particularly nickel-molybdenum) supported catalyst.

A propane production method includes a hydrogenation reaction step of hydrogenation-reacting crude propylene and hydrogen in a presence of a catalyst to obtain gaseous crude propane containing impurities; and an impurity removal step of removing the impurities contained in the gaseous crude propane obtained in the hydrogenation reaction step to obtain purified propane. The impurity removal step includes an adsorptive removal stage of adsorbing and removing water, ethane and propylene contained as impurities in the gaseous crude propane by adsorption treatment in which the gaseous crude propane is brought into contact with an adsorbent, and a separation removal stage of separating and removing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and methane contained as impurities in the crude propane after the adsorption treatment by partial condensation or distillation of crude propane after the adsorption treatment in the adsorptive removal stage.

A propane production method includes a hydrogenation reaction step of hydrogenation-reacting crude propylene and hydrogen in a presence of a catalyst to obtain gaseous crude propane containing impurities; and an impurity removal step of removing the impurities contained in the gaseous crude propane obtained in the hydrogenation reaction step to obtain purified propane. The impurity removal step includes an adsorptive removal stage of adsorbing and removing water, ethane and propylene contained as impurities in the gaseous crude propane by adsorption treatment in which the gaseous crude propane is brought into contact with an adsorbent, and a separation removal stage of separating and removing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and methane contained as impurities in the crude propane after the adsorption treatment by partial condensation or distillation of crude propane after the adsorption treatment in the adsorptive removal stage.

Methods and apparatuses are provided for producing hydrocarbons. A method for producing hydrocarbons may include two or more reactors having a distributed aromatic rich feed and hydrogen system. Using this configuration, the aromatic rich feed and hydrogen streams are split equally to all reactors wherein each reactor contains a catalyst. The outlet from the last reactor may include a recycle that may be injected into the inlet of the first reactor.

Methods and apparatuses are provided for producing hydrocarbons. A method for producing hydrocarbons may include two or more reactors having a distributed aromatic rich feed and hydrogen system. Using this configuration, the aromatic rich feed and hydrogen streams are split equally to all reactors wherein each reactor contains a catalyst. The outlet from the last reactor may include a recycle that may be injected into the inlet of the first reactor.

Methods and apparatuses are provided for producing hydrocarbons. A method for producing hydrocarbons may include two or more reactors having a distributed aromatic rich feed and hydrogen system. Using this configuration, the aromatic rich feed and hydrogen streams are split equally to all reactors wherein each reactor contains a catalyst. The outlet from the last reactor may include a recycle that may be injected into the inlet of the first reactor.

The invention is concerned with the issue of how to produce n-pentanal by hydroformylation from feedstock mixtures comprising a small proportion of n-butene and a large proportion of n-butane. Specifically, solutions for further optimizing established processes for hydroformylation of such low-butene mixtures in terms of material utilization are sought. The present invention has for its object to enhance the material utilization of the feedstock mixture in the production of n-pentanal from feedstock mixtures having a small proportion of n-butene and a large proportion of n-butane. The process shall be capable of economic operation on an industrial scale. In particular an existing oxo plant shall be honed to achieve better raw material utilization. This object is achieved by a combination of a hydroformylation and a dehydrogenation, wherein said combination has the special feature that the dehydrogenation is arranged after the hydroformylation in the downstream direction and is thus markedly smaller than conventional dehydrogenations provided upstream. A skillful product removal effectively removes contaminants formed in the process.

The invention is concerned with the issue of how to produce n-pentanal by hydroformylation from feedstock mixtures comprising a small proportion of n-butene and a large proportion of n-butane. Specifically, solutions for further optimizing established processes for hydroformylation of such low-butene mixtures in terms of material utilization are sought. The present invention has for its object to enhance the material utilization of the feedstock mixture in the production of n-pentanal from feedstock mixtures having a small proportion of n-butene and a large proportion of n-butane. The process shall be capable of economic operation on an industrial scale. In particular an existing oxo plant shall be honed to achieve better raw material utilization. This object is achieved by a combination of a hydroformylation and a dehydrogenation, wherein said combination has the special feature that the dehydrogenation is arranged after the hydroformylation in the downstream direction and is thus markedly smaller than conventional dehydrogenations provided upstream. A skillful product removal effectively removes contaminants formed in the process.

A propane dehydrogenation and propylene purification process in which a stream comprising propylene, propane, and methyl acetylene and propadiene (MAPD) is mixed with a hydrogen stream then reacted in at least three distinct reaction zones in a hydrogenation reactor system where MAPD is hydrogenated by a high-selectivity hydrogenation catalyst in a first reaction zone, and a second and a third reaction zones each have a low-selectivity hydrogenation catalyst to remove unreacted hydrogen. The outlet stream leaving the hydrogenation reactor system is MAPD-free and can be fed to a splitter column, which now mainly serves to separate propylene from propane. Various embodiments of reaction zone arrangements in a single or multiple reactors are also provided.