Provided are a functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound and a light-emitting device including the same. The functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound is structurally stable, and exhibits high light-emission characteristics since aggregation caused by - stacking is inhibited, and thus may have high efficiency and long lifespan characteristics.

Polyarylene oligomer compositions capable of curing at lower temperatures than conventional polyarylene oligomers are useful in forming dielectric material layers in electronics applications.

Polyarylene oligomer compositions capable of curing at lower temperatures than conventional polyarylene oligomers are useful in forming dielectric material layers in electronics applications.

One-step cyanide-catalyzed benzoin condensations for synthesizing shape persistent cyclobenzoin macrocycles. Selected dialdehydes, and cyanide salts are reacted in aqueous solvents to form such cyclobenzoin macrocycles.

One-step cyanide-catalyzed benzoin condensations for synthesizing shape persistent cyclobenzoin macrocycles. Selected dialdehydes, and cyanide salts are reacted in aqueous solvents to form such cyclobenzoin macrocycles.

A process of preparing olefins of the formula (I) is described herein: ##STR00001##
with R.sup.1 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)hydrocarbyl, and R.sup.2 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)hydrocarbyl. The process includes reacting a compound of formula (II) ##STR00002##
wherein Ar is chosen from ##STR00003##
in the presence of a palladium-based catalyst and an organic solvent. A process of preparing olefins of the formula (III) is also described: ##STR00004##
with R.sup.3 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)hydrocarbyl, R.sup.4 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)hydrocarbyl, and R.sup.5 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30) hydrocarbyl. The process includes reacting a compound of formula (IV) ##STR00005##
wherein Ar is chosen from ##STR00006##
with a compound of formula (V) ##STR00007##
wherein Ar is chosen from ##STR00008##
in the presence of a palladium-based catalyst and an organic solvent.

A process of preparing olefins of the formula (I) is described herein: ##STR00001##
with R.sup.1 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)hydrocarbyl, and R.sup.2 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)hydrocarbyl. The process includes reacting a compound of formula (II) ##STR00002##
wherein Ar is chosen from ##STR00003##
in the presence of a palladium-based catalyst and an organic solvent. A process of preparing olefins of the formula (III) is also described: ##STR00004##
with R.sup.3 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30)hydrocarbyl, R.sup.4 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.20)hydrocarbyl, and R.sup.5 being a substituted or unsubstituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.30) hydrocarbyl. The process includes reacting a compound of formula (IV) ##STR00005##
wherein Ar is chosen from ##STR00006##
with a compound of formula (V) ##STR00007##
wherein Ar is chosen from ##STR00008##
in the presence of a palladium-based catalyst and an organic solvent.

The present invention relates generally to catalysts and processes for the Z-selective formation of internal olefin(s) from terminal olefin(s) via homo-metathesis reactions.

The present invention relates generally to catalysts and processes for the Z-selective formation of internal olefin(s) from terminal olefin(s) via homo-metathesis reactions.

A liquid crystal composition includes at least one polar liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula PI-1 to PI-4: ##STR00001##
in which each n, n1, and n2 in Chemical Formula PI-1 to PI-4 is any one of 1, 2, and 3, in Chemical Formula PI-1 to PI-4, each A, A1, and A2 includes one of ##STR00002##
each L1 to L8 includes one of H, F, Cl, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, and CHF.sub.2, each Z, Z1, and Z2 includes one of single bond, COO, OCO, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2, SCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2S, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, C.sub.2F.sub.4, CH.sub.2CF.sub.2, CF.sub.2CH.sub.2, (CH.sub.2).sub.Z (z is 1 to 3), CHCH, CFCF, CHCF, CFCH, CC, and CHCHCH.sub.2O, and R includes one of hydrogen, halogen, a cyano group, alkyl group, and an alkoxy group including 1 to 12 carbon atoms.