A liquid crystal composition includes at least one polar liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula PI-1 to PI-4: ##STR00001##
in which each n, n1, and n2 in Chemical Formula PI-1 to PI-4 is any one of 1, 2, and 3, in Chemical Formula PI-1 to PI-4, each A, A1, and A2 includes one of ##STR00002##
each L1 to L8 includes one of H, F, Cl, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, and CHF.sub.2, each Z, Z1, and Z2 includes one of single bond, COO, OCO, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2, SCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2S, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, C.sub.2F.sub.4, CH.sub.2CF.sub.2, CF.sub.2CH.sub.2, (CH.sub.2).sub.Z (z is 1 to 3), CHCH, CFCF, CHCF, CFCH, CC, and CHCHCH.sub.2O, and R includes one of hydrogen, halogen, a cyano group, alkyl group, and an alkoxy group including 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

This invention relates generally to CH activated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst compounds which are stereogenic at the ruthenium center, to their preparation, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds. In particular, the invention relates to the use of CH activated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst compounds in Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions, enantio-selective olefin metathesis reactions, and enantio-Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.

This invention relates generally to CH activated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst compounds which are stereogenic at the ruthenium center, to their preparation, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds. In particular, the invention relates to the use of CH activated ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst compounds in Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions, enantio-selective olefin metathesis reactions, and enantio-Z-selective olefin metathesis reactions. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.

The present invention relates generally to catalysts and processes for the Z-selective formation of internal olefin(s) from terminal olefin(s) via homo-metathesis reactions.

The present invention relates generally to catalysts and processes for the Z-selective formation of internal olefin(s) from terminal olefin(s) via homo-metathesis reactions.

The invention relates to CH activated olefin metathesis catalyst compounds, the preparation of such compounds, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds, more particularly, the use of such catalysts in Z selective olefin metathesis reactions. In general, the catalyst compounds of the invention comprise a Group 8 metal (M), an alkylidene moiety (CR.sup.1R.sup.2), or more generally ((C).sub.mCR.sup.1R.sup.2), an anionic ligand (X.sup.1), two or three neutral ligands (L.sup.1, L.sup.2, and L.sup.3) and a 2-electron anionic donor bridging moiety (Q*) that forms a chelate ring structure in conjunction with L1 and M. Such catalysts generally correspond to the formula X.sup.1(L.sup.3).sub.kL.sup.2L.sup.1Q*M=(C).sub.mCR.sup.1R.sup.2, wherein X1 is any anionic ligand, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, and L.sup.3 are, independently, any neural electron donor ligand, k is 0 or 1, m is 0, 1, or 2, Q* is a 2-electron anionic donor bridging moiety linking L.sup.1 and M, M is a Group 8 transition metal, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently, hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or functional groups. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.

The invention relates to CH activated olefin metathesis catalyst compounds, the preparation of such compounds, and the use of such catalysts in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds, more particularly, the use of such catalysts in Z selective olefin metathesis reactions. In general, the catalyst compounds of the invention comprise a Group 8 metal (M), an alkylidene moiety (CR.sup.1R.sup.2), or more generally ((C).sub.mCR.sup.1R.sup.2), an anionic ligand (X.sup.1), two or three neutral ligands (L.sup.1, L.sup.2, and L.sup.3) and a 2-electron anionic donor bridging moiety (Q*) that forms a chelate ring structure in conjunction with L1 and M. Such catalysts generally correspond to the formula X.sup.1(L.sup.3).sub.kL.sup.2L.sup.1Q*M=(C).sub.mCR.sup.1R.sup.2, wherein X1 is any anionic ligand, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, and L.sup.3 are, independently, any neural electron donor ligand, k is 0 or 1, m is 0, 1, or 2, Q* is a 2-electron anionic donor bridging moiety linking L.sup.1 and M, M is a Group 8 transition metal, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently, hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or functional groups. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals chemistry.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

A composition for film formation includes a compound represented by formula (1) and a solvent. In the formula (1), R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent a group represented by the formula (a). In the formula (a), R.sup.A represents a hydrogen atom, an aryl group, or an alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of a hydroxy group and an aryl group. R.sup.B represents a single bond or an arylene group. A part or all of hydrogen atoms on an aromatic ring of the aryl group and the arylene group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a sulfanyl group, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and not including an aromatic ring. ##STR00001##