Embodiments of the present invention relate to processes for the hydroformylation of olefins to produce aldehydes. In some embodiments, processes of the present invention are capable of maintaining high C.sub.2-C.sub.4 olefin conversion and/or provide more compact hydroformlyation processes.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to processes for the hydroformylation of olefins to produce aldehydes. In some embodiments, processes of the present invention are capable of maintaining high C.sub.2-C.sub.4 olefin conversion and/or provide more compact hydroformlyation processes.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying a fermentation must (M), obtained via a biotechnological process, comprising biomass and vanillin or derivatives thereof in aqueous solution, for the preparation of a crystallized vanillin or derivatives thereof, characterized in that, throughout the purification process, the vanillin or derivatives thereof in protonated or salified form remain in aqueous solution.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying a fermentation must (M), obtained via a biotechnological process, comprising biomass and vanillin or derivatives thereof in aqueous solution, for the preparation of a crystallized vanillin or derivatives thereof, characterized in that, throughout the purification process, the vanillin or derivatives thereof in protonated or salified form remain in aqueous solution.

A method for processing lignin may comprise flowing a lignin composition comprising a lignin polymer and a solvent through a reaction chamber of a continuous flow reactor, the lignin polymer comprising hydroxycinnamic groups bound to a polymeric backbone; flowing ozone through the reaction chamber containing the lignin composition under conditions to maximize oxidative cleavage of the hydroxycinnamic groups to produce one or more types of aromatic monomers while minimizing oxidative cleavage of the polymeric backbone; and collecting the one or more types of aromatic monomers, e.g., by a size-selective membrane separation device.

Methods may include obtaining ketones and glycols from a fermentation process, the method including: collecting an off-gas and/or a fermented broth from the fermenter, wherein the off-gas comprises a ketone, and wherein the fermented broth comprises one or more of glycol or ketone; and performing at least one of: transferring the off-gas from the fermenter to a ketone recuperation module; or transferring the fermented broth to a fluid separating module; and isolating one or more of: the ketone from the off-gas; and the glycol from the fermented broth.

The disclosure relates to a method for fermentation integrated with separation and purification of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) or butanol alone, comprising the following steps: 1) obtaining ABE by fermentation using an acetone-butanol-producing bacterium or obtaining butanol using a butanol-producing bacterium; 2) using a vapor-stripping-vapor-permeation method (briefly VSVP) for online separation and purification of ABE or purifying butanol from the fermentation broth; wherein the VSVP method comprises the following steps: introducing a gas bubble into the fermentation broth comprising active cells for fermentation to vaporize ABE or Butanol; subjecting the gas along with the vaporized ABE or Butanol to a membrane separation unit to pass through the membrane; recovering ABE or Butanol, or subjecting ABE or Butanol to a next separation device. By using the disclosed method, production, separation, and purification efficiency of ABE or butanol are improved with saved energy consumption and without increasing equipment investment.

The disclosure relates to a method for fermentation integrated with separation and purification of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) or butanol alone, comprising the following steps: 1) obtaining ABE by fermentation using an acetone-butanol-producing bacterium or obtaining butanol using a butanol-producing bacterium; 2) using a vapor-stripping-vapor-permeation method (briefly VSVP) for online separation and purification of ABE or purifying butanol from the fermentation broth; wherein the VSVP method comprises the following steps: introducing a gas bubble into the fermentation broth comprising active cells for fermentation to vaporize ABE or Butanol; subjecting the gas along with the vaporized ABE or Butanol to a membrane separation unit to pass through the membrane; recovering ABE or Butanol, or subjecting ABE or Butanol to a next separation device. By using the disclosed method, production, separation, and purification efficiency of ABE or butanol are improved with saved energy consumption and without increasing equipment investment.

Fluorinated fluid conditioning systems are described. In particular, fluorinated fluid conditioning systems including an electrically non-conductive fluorinated fluid and a filter including desensitized activated carbon sorbent are described.

Disclosed are methods for dehydrating a water containing source of formaldehyde in which water is separated from the water containing source of formaldehyde using a zeolite membrane. In certain aspects, the water containing source of formaldehyde includes a separation enhancer having a relative static permittivity ranging from 2.5 to 20, and the water containing source of formaldehyde may further include methanol. In certain aspects, (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester may be produced using the dehydrated source of formaldehyde.