A catalyst with a core-shell structure for methane oxidation, a method of preparing the catalyst, and a method of methane oxidation using the catalyst are disclosed. The catalyst includes a core structure consisting of a nano-support and core nanoparticles; and a shell coating layer coated on the core structure in which the core nanoparticles have a particle diameter smaller than that of the nano-support and are coated on the nano-support to form a core structure. The catalyst has excellent thermal stability during methane oxidation reaction at high temperature and an effect of increasing methane conversion and formaldehyde selectivity.

A catalyst with a core-shell structure for methane oxidation, a method of preparing the catalyst, and a method of methane oxidation using the catalyst are disclosed. The catalyst includes a core structure consisting of a nano-support and core nanoparticles; and a shell coating layer coated on the core structure in which the core nanoparticles have a particle diameter smaller than that of the nano-support and are coated on the nano-support to form a core structure. The catalyst has excellent thermal stability during methane oxidation reaction at high temperature and an effect of increasing methane conversion and formaldehyde selectivity.

The present disclosure relates to electrolysis systems and methods. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods and systems for the utilization of carbon dioxide and production of carbon monoxide. For example, a method may include: passing an electrolyte and carbon dioxide in front of a cathode through a cathode chamber; and removing electrolysis byproducts from an electrolyte/electrolysis product mixture using a catalytic filter system. The cathode may include material to reduce carbon dioxide. The process may generate a hydrocarbon compound or carbon monoxide as the electrolysis product and a formate as an electrolysis byproduct. The filter system may include a functionalized complex or a functionalized support material which catalyzes a cleavage reaction of formates (a) to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or (b) to water and carbon monoxide.

The present disclosure relates to electrolysis systems and methods. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods and systems for the utilization of carbon dioxide and production of carbon monoxide. For example, a method may include: passing an electrolyte and carbon dioxide in front of a cathode through a cathode chamber; and removing electrolysis byproducts from an electrolyte/electrolysis product mixture using a catalytic filter system. The cathode may include material to reduce carbon dioxide. The process may generate a hydrocarbon compound or carbon monoxide as the electrolysis product and a formate as an electrolysis byproduct. The filter system may include a functionalized complex or a functionalized support material which catalyzes a cleavage reaction of formates (a) to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or (b) to water and carbon monoxide.

A process and plant for the co-production of methanol and ammonia together with urea production from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift. Carbon dioxide is removed from flue gas from reforming section and used to convert partially or fully all ammonia into urea.

A process and plant for the co-production of methanol and ammonia together with urea production from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift. Carbon dioxide is removed from flue gas from reforming section and used to convert partially or fully all ammonia into urea.

A process for large scale and energy efficient production of oxygenates from sugar is disclosed in which a sugar feedstock is introduced into a thermolytic fragmentation reactor comprising a fluidized stream of heat carrying particles which are separated from the reaction product and directed to a reheater comprising a resistance heating system.

A process for large scale and energy efficient production of oxygenates from sugar is disclosed in which a sugar feedstock is introduced into a thermolytic fragmentation reactor comprising a fluidized stream of heat carrying particles which are separated from the reaction product and directed to a reheater comprising a resistance heating system.

A process for the production of formaldehyde from methanol comprising the steps of: feeding to a reactor a feed stream comprising the methanol and an oxygen-containing gas; reacting the methanol in the gas phase with the oxygen-containing gas in the reactor in the presence of a catalyst comprising oxides of iron and molybdenum; and recovering a formaldehyde reactor outlet stream from the reactor, the formaldehyde reactor outlet stream comprising formaldehyde and carbon monoxide. The catalyst comprises copper in an amount of at least 0.025 wt %, or at least 0.05 wt %, of the catalyst and in that the molar ratio of carbon monoxide to formaldehyde in the formaldehyde reactor outlet stream is at least 5% less than the molar ratio of carbon monoxide to formaldehyde in the formaldehyde reactor outlet stream in the same process using a catalyst containing essentially no copper.

A process for the production of formaldehyde from methanol comprising the steps of: feeding to a reactor a feed stream comprising the methanol and an oxygen-containing gas; reacting the methanol in the gas phase with the oxygen-containing gas in the reactor in the presence of a catalyst comprising oxides of iron and molybdenum; and recovering a formaldehyde reactor outlet stream from the reactor, the formaldehyde reactor outlet stream comprising formaldehyde and carbon monoxide. The catalyst comprises copper in an amount of at least 0.025 wt %, or at least 0.05 wt %, of the catalyst and in that the molar ratio of carbon monoxide to formaldehyde in the formaldehyde reactor outlet stream is at least 5% less than the molar ratio of carbon monoxide to formaldehyde in the formaldehyde reactor outlet stream in the same process using a catalyst containing essentially no copper.