Shown is a bimesogenic compound having high solubility in a liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition, a chiral dopant, an additive including an antioxidant or an ultraviolet light absorber, and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, each of which is used in other bimesogenic compounds or a liquid crystal display device, while maintaining desired physical properties. A compound is represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition contains the compound, conjugate fibers with an encapsulated liquid crystal obtained from the liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal display device is obtained from the conjugate fibers with the encapsulated liquid crystal.
MG.sup.1-Z.sup.a-Sp-Z.sup.b-MG.sup.2(1)

The present invention provides a method for fixing carbon dioxide gas as a carbonyl compound represented by formula (3) as depicted by FIG. 1 and comprising, purging of carbon dioxide in a solution of a nucleophile represented by the formula (1) in presence of a solvent at a temperature ranging from 40 Degree Celsius to 35 Degree Celsius, followed by adding a reagent at temperature ranging from 40 degree to 35 degree and thereafter adding another nucleophile represented by the formula (2) to obtain carbonyl compound represented by formula (3). The present invention can be advantageously used to obtain commercially important carbonyl compounds and clean unwanted carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and industrial effluents.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a method for fixing carbon dioxide gas as a carbonyl compound represented by formula (3) as depicted by FIG. 1 and comprising, purging of carbon dioxide in a solution of a nucleophile represented by the formula (1) in presence of a solvent at a temperature ranging from 40 Degree Celsius to 35 Degree Celsius, followed by adding a reagent at temperature ranging from 40 degree to 35 degree and thereafter adding another nucleophile represented by the formula (2) to obtain carbonyl compound represented by formula (3). The present invention can be advantageously used to obtain commercially important carbonyl compounds and clean unwanted carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and industrial effluents.

##STR00001##

Methods of converting a fluorinated compound into a fluorinated acyl fluoride or derivative thereof, the method including reacting the fluorinated compound with a catalytic amount of at least one transition metal compound and an oxygen-containing compound to form the fluorinated acyl fluoride or derivative thereof. Compounds formed using such methods are also included, including for example <Insert chemical formulas here as they appear in the electronic copy.> and derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.

##STR00001##

Methods of converting a fluorinated compound into a fluorinated acyl fluoride or derivative thereof, the method including reacting the fluorinated compound with a catalytic amount of at least one transition metal compound and an oxygen-containing compound to form the fluorinated acyl fluoride or derivative thereof. Compounds formed using such methods are also included, including for example <Insert chemical formulas here as they appear in the electronic copy.> and derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides a novel biphenyl derivative compound, an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The biphenyl derivative compound, optical isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the present disclosure may induce cancer cell death by damaging mitochondria and inducing ATP depletion in cells which are in a nutrient-starved state such as a glucose-starved state, which is the normal environment of cancer cells. In addition, it is an Nm23-H1/NDPK activity-increasing substance that may suppress cancer metastasis and growth. Thus, it exhibits excellent effects not only on the prevention, alleviation and treatment of cancer, but also on the suppression of cancer metastasis.

The present disclosure provides a novel biphenyl derivative compound, an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The biphenyl derivative compound, optical isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the present disclosure may induce cancer cell death by damaging mitochondria and inducing ATP depletion in cells which are in a nutrient-starved state such as a glucose-starved state, which is the normal environment of cancer cells. In addition, it is an Nm23-H1/NDPK activity-increasing substance that may suppress cancer metastasis and growth. Thus, it exhibits excellent effects not only on the prevention, alleviation and treatment of cancer, but also on the suppression of cancer metastasis.

The present application describes amphiphatic compounds like compound IIa below, compositions and methods for incorporating chemoselective and bio-orthogonal complementary functional groups into liposomes. Such compounds are incorporated in greater numbers in liposome and fused cell surfaces, leading to greater adhesion and conjugation efficiency. The present application also describes various uses of these modified liposomes including for tethering the chemoselective and bioorthogonal complementary functional groups from cell surfaces by liposome delivery toward the goal of rewiring the cell surface.

The present application describes amphiphatic compounds like compound IIa below, compositions and methods for incorporating chemoselective and bio-orthogonal complementary functional groups into liposomes. Such compounds are incorporated in greater numbers in liposome and fused cell surfaces, leading to greater adhesion and conjugation efficiency. The present application also describes various uses of these modified liposomes including for tethering the chemoselective and bioorthogonal complementary functional groups from cell surfaces by liposome delivery toward the goal of rewiring the cell surface.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing optically active carbonyl compound, comprising the following steps: under the catalysis of chiral amine salt and transition metal catalysts, with hydrogen and catalytic amount of dihydropyridine compound as hydrogen source, use , -unsaturated aldehydes or , -unsaturated troponoid compounds to conduct asymmetric catalytic reaction to obtain the optically active carbonyl compound. This method comes in moderate reaction condition, simple operation, and catalytic amount of dihydropyridine compounds usage, the target product is easy to be separated and purified from the reaction system, and the metal catalyst can be recycled, it is economical.