Provided herein are methods for producing ,-unsaturated ketones from the condensation of methyl ketones in the presence of an amine catalyst. Such amine catalysts may be supported, for example, on a silica-alumina support. Such amine catalysts may be used in the presence of an additional acid. The ,-unsaturated ketones may be produced by dimerization and/or timerization of the methyl ketones. Such ,-unsaturated ketones may be suitable for use in producing fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, or precursors thereof. The methyl ketones may be obtained from renewable sources, such as by the fermentation of biomass.

Provided herein are methods for producing ,-unsaturated ketones from the condensation of methyl ketones in the presence of an amine catalyst. Such amine catalysts may be supported, for example, on a silica-alumina support. Such amine catalysts may be used in the presence of an additional acid. The ,-unsaturated ketones may be produced by dimerization and/or timerization of the methyl ketones. Such ,-unsaturated ketones may be suitable for use in producing fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, or precursors thereof. The methyl ketones may be obtained from renewable sources, such as by the fermentation of biomass.

Provided herein are methods for producing ,-unsaturated ketones from the condensation of methyl ketones in the presence of an amine catalyst. Such amine catalysts may be supported, for example, on a silica-alumina support. Such amine catalysts may be used in the presence of an additional acid. The ,-unsaturated ketones may be produced by dimerization and/or timerization of the methyl ketones. Such ,-unsaturated ketones may be suitable for use in producing fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, or precursors thereof. The methyl ketones may be obtained from renewable sources, such as by the fermentation of biomass.

Disclosed is a process for preparing a product of formula I: wherein the reaction is catalyzed both by thiamine or a thiamine salt and by ascorbic acid in a form which is free or salified or an organic acid salt of an alkaline metal, preferably sodium acetate, potassium tartrate, sodium succinate, or a reductone, preferably 2-hydroxypropanedial or 2,3-dihydroxycyclopent-2-ene-1-one in an organic solvent.

Disclosed is a process for preparing a product of formula I: wherein the reaction is catalyzed both by thiamine or a thiamine salt and by ascorbic acid in a form which is free or salified or an organic acid salt of an alkaline metal, preferably sodium acetate, potassium tartrate, sodium succinate, or a reductone, preferably 2-hydroxypropanedial or 2,3-dihydroxycyclopent-2-ene-1-one in an organic solvent.

The present invention relates to the manufacture of gamma, delta-unsaturated ketones from tertiary vinyl carbinols and vinylic ethers or ketals using an organic tertiary or quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst.

The present invention relates to the manufacture of gamma, delta-unsaturated ketones from tertiary vinyl carbinols and vinylic ethers or ketals using an organic tertiary or quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst.

Provided is lipid and methods of making such lipid having the structure of Formula A:

##STR00001## each R is an alkyl having a carbon backbone of C.sub.12 to C.sub.16 having 1 to 3 C?C double bonds, at least one having Z-geometry; R is an optional alkyl of C.sub.2 to C.sub.24 having 0 to 3 C?C double bonds; each R, and the R alkyl group if present, is optionally substituted at one or more positions with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl; W and X are O or S; Y is absent and C.sup.1 and C.sup.2 are bonded, or Y is present and is a metheno, etheno or ethyno bridge optionally substituted with an alkylamino chain [(CH.sub.2).sub.mNG.sup.1G.sup.2G.sup.3], wherein m is 1-5 and G.sup.1, G.sup.2 are, independently, C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, G.sup.3 is absent, hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, or wherein NG.sup.1G.sup.2G.sup.3 is a heterocycle; and Z and Z are H or alkylamino.

Provided is lipid and methods of making such lipid having the structure of Formula A:

##STR00001## each R is an alkyl having a carbon backbone of C.sub.12 to C.sub.16 having 1 to 3 C?C double bonds, at least one having Z-geometry; R is an optional alkyl of C.sub.2 to C.sub.24 having 0 to 3 C?C double bonds; each R, and the R alkyl group if present, is optionally substituted at one or more positions with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl; W and X are O or S; Y is absent and C.sup.1 and C.sup.2 are bonded, or Y is present and is a metheno, etheno or ethyno bridge optionally substituted with an alkylamino chain [(CH.sub.2).sub.mNG.sup.1G.sup.2G.sup.3], wherein m is 1-5 and G.sup.1, G.sup.2 are, independently, C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, G.sup.3 is absent, hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl, or wherein NG.sup.1G.sup.2G.sup.3 is a heterocycle; and Z and Z are H or alkylamino.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one, which comprises a) providing 6,10-dimethylundeca-1,5,9-trien-4-ol, b) oxidizing 6,10-dimethylundeca-1,5,9-trien-4-ol provided in step a) with an oxidizing agent in the presence of at least one organic nitroxyl radical, at least one nitrate compound and an inorganic solid to yield 6,10-dimethylundeca-1,5,9-trien-4-one, c) reacting the 6,10-dimethylundeca-1,5,9-trien-4-one obtained in step b) with an acid to yield 1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one.