The disclosure provides a compound of Formula I: ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are as described herein. The disclosure also provides methods for identifying a compound that selectively kills polyploid cells, and methods for killing polyploid tumor cells by administering a compound of Formula I to a patient in need thereof.

The disclosure provides a compound of Formula I: ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are as described herein. The disclosure also provides methods for identifying a compound that selectively kills polyploid cells, and methods for killing polyploid tumor cells by administering a compound of Formula I to a patient in need thereof.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods of using such compounds for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging, or for modulating one or more energy biomarkers, normalizing one or more energy biomarkers, or enhancing one or more energy biomarkers, wherein the compounds are tocopherol quinone derivatives. Further disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for treatment of, or prophylaxis against, radiation exposure.

Disclosed herein are compounds and methods of using such compounds for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging, or for modulating one or more energy biomarkers, normalizing one or more energy biomarkers, or enhancing one or more energy biomarkers, wherein the compounds are tocopherol quinone derivatives. Further disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods for treatment of, or prophylaxis against, radiation exposure.

The disclosure provides therapeutic compositions (i.e., therapeutic agents) and methods of preventing or treating Friedreich's ataxia in a mammalian subject, reducing risk factors, signs and/or symptoms associated with Friedreich's ataxia (e.g., Complex I deficiency), and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of Friedreich's ataxia. The disclosure further provides novel intermediates for the production of said therapeutic compositions and related reduced versions of said therapeutic compositions, which reduce forms may also be used as therapeutic agents (or prodrugs of the therapeutic agent(s)).

The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.

The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.

The present disclosure relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and use of such compounds in methods of treatment or in medicaments for treatment of inflammatory diseases and certain neurological disorders that are related to inflammatory signaling processes, including but not limited to misfolded proteins.

The present invention relates to novel combinations of redox active compounds for use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides kits comprising these combinations, redox flow batteries, and method using the combinations, kits and redox flow batteries of the invention.

The present invention relates to novel combinations of redox active compounds for use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides kits comprising these combinations, redox flow batteries, and method using the combinations, kits and redox flow batteries of the invention.