The invention relates to processes for preparing Carboprost or Carboprost Tromethamine, and intermediates prepared from the process, and 5,6-trans isomer free Carboprost or Carboprost Tromethamine prepared therefrom. The invention also relates to a novel crystalline form of Carboprost Tromethamine.

Methods for the synthesis of methyl 2-fluoroacrylate (MFA) are provided. The methods include use of various hydrofluorination agents using a variety of starting materials and reaction schemes. The methyl 2-fluoroacrylate prepared by the methods described herein can further be used to prepare patiromer calcium sorbitex.

Methods for the synthesis of methyl 2-fluoroacrylate (MFA) are provided. The methods include use of various hydrofluorination agents using a variety of starting materials and reaction schemes. The methyl 2-fluoroacrylate prepared by the methods described herein can further be used to prepare patiromer calcium sorbitex.

Provided is a method for producing acrylic acid, the method including: preparing a reaction product containing acrylic acid by supplying lactic acid to a reactor and performing a dehydration reaction; supplying a reactor discharge stream containing the reaction product to a cooling tower and condensing the result to transfer a lower discharge stream including a condensate to an acrylic acid purification unit and supplying a non-condensate discharged as an upper discharge stream to a distillation tower; and, in the distillation tower, circulating the lower discharge stream containing acrylic acid to the cooling tower, and removing acetaldehyde from the upper discharge stream.

Provided is a method for producing acrylic acid, the method including: preparing a reaction product containing acrylic acid by supplying lactic acid to a reactor and performing a dehydration reaction; supplying a reactor discharge stream containing the reaction product to a cooling tower and condensing the result to transfer a lower discharge stream including a condensate to an acrylic acid purification unit and supplying a non-condensate discharged as an upper discharge stream to a distillation tower; and, in the distillation tower, circulating the lower discharge stream containing acrylic acid to the cooling tower, and removing acetaldehyde from the upper discharge stream.

Provided is a method for producing acrylic acid, the method including: preparing a reaction product containing acrylic acid by supplying lactic acid to a reactor and performing a dehydration reaction; supplying a reactor discharge stream containing the reaction product to a cooling tower and condensing the result to transfer a lower discharge stream including a condensate to an acrylic acid purification unit and supplying a non-condensate discharged as an upper discharge stream to a distillation tower; and, in the distillation tower, circulating the lower discharge stream containing acrylic acid to the cooling tower, and removing acetaldehyde from the upper discharge stream.

The invention relates to processes for preparing Carboprost or Carboprost Tromethamine, and intermediates prepared from the process, and 5,6-trans isomer free Carboprost or Carboprost Tromethamine prepared therefrom. The invention also relates to a novel crystalline form of Carboprost Tromethamine.

The invention relates to processes for preparing Carboprost or Carboprost Tromethamine, and intermediates prepared from the process, and 5,6-trans isomer free Carboprost or Carboprost Tromethamine prepared therefrom. The invention also relates to a novel crystalline form of Carboprost Tromethamine.

Disclosed are catalysts comprised of platinum and gold. The catalysts are generally useful for the selective oxidation of compositions comprised of a primary alcohol group and at least one secondary alcohol group wherein at least the primary alcohol group is converted to a carboxyl group. More particularly, the catalysts are supported catalysts including particles comprising gold and particles comprising platinum, wherein the molar ratio of platinum to gold is in the range of about 100:1 to about 1:4, the platinum is essentially present as Pt(0) and the platinum-containing particles are of a size in the range of about 2 to about 50 nm. Also disclosed are methods for the oxidative chemocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates to carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. Additionally, methods are disclosed for the selective oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid or derivatives thereof using catalysts comprising platinum and gold. Further, methods are disclosed for the production of such catalysts.

Disclosed are catalysts comprised of platinum and gold. The catalysts are generally useful for the selective oxidation of compositions comprised of a primary alcohol group and at least one secondary alcohol group wherein at least the primary alcohol group is converted to a carboxyl group. More particularly, the catalysts are supported catalysts including particles comprising gold and particles comprising platinum, wherein the molar ratio of platinum to gold is in the range of about 100:1 to about 1:4, the platinum is essentially present as Pt(0) and the platinum-containing particles are of a size in the range of about 2 to about 50 nm. Also disclosed are methods for the oxidative chemocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates to carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. Additionally, methods are disclosed for the selective oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid or derivatives thereof using catalysts comprising platinum and gold. Further, methods are disclosed for the production of such catalysts.