The present invention concerns a process for the reduction of content of carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof in oleum, disulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid. The invention further concerns a process for the manufacture of carboxylic acid anhydrides comprising the process for the reduction of content of carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof from oleum, disulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

The present invention generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent.

The present invention generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent.

Provided is a method of producing an acid halide solution that is useful in production of a polymerizable liquid-crystal compound. The method of producing an acid halide solution includes: a first step of reacting a specific dicarboxylic acid compound with a halogenating agent in a water-immiscible organic solvent in the presence of at least 1.1 equivalents and not more than 3.0 equivalents of an activator relative to the dicarboxylic acid compound to obtain a reaction liquid including a solution that contains an acid halide compound and an oily liquid that is immiscible with the solution containing the acid halide compound; and a second step of removing the oily liquid from the reaction liquid obtained in the first step to obtain a purified liquid containing the acid halide compound.

Provided is a method of producing an acid halide solution that is useful in production of a polymerizable liquid-crystal compound. The method of producing an acid halide solution includes: a first step of reacting a specific dicarboxylic acid compound with a halogenating agent in a water-immiscible organic solvent in the presence of at least 1.1 equivalents and not more than 3.0 equivalents of an activator relative to the dicarboxylic acid compound to obtain a reaction liquid including a solution that contains an acid halide compound and an oily liquid that is immiscible with the solution containing the acid halide compound; and a second step of removing the oily liquid from the reaction liquid obtained in the first step to obtain a purified liquid containing the acid halide compound.

The invention relates to ferulic acid granules and the production method thereof. The invention is suitable for use in particular in the fields of food, cosmetics and flavours.

The invention relates to ferulic acid granules and the production method thereof. The invention is suitable for use in particular in the fields of food, cosmetics and flavours.

The present invention generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent. In particular, a process for fluorinating a double bond is disclosed. This process comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising a hydrofluorocarbon solvent, fluorine gas, and a compound of formula 1 ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 is hydroxy, alkoxy, chloro, or OC(O)CHCH.sub.2 to form a compound of formula 2 in a yield of at least 50% ##STR00002##
wherein R.sub.2 is hydroxy, alkoxy, chloro, OC(O)CHFCH.sub.2F, wherein the hydrofluorocarbon solvent comprises 2H,3H-decafluoropentane and the reaction mixture further comprises a fluorination agent.

The present invention generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent. In particular, a process for fluorinating a double bond is disclosed. This process comprises forming a reaction mixture comprising a hydrofluorocarbon solvent, fluorine gas, and a compound of formula 1 ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 is hydroxy, alkoxy, chloro, or OC(O)CHCH.sub.2 to form a compound of formula 2 in a yield of at least 50% ##STR00002##
wherein R.sub.2 is hydroxy, alkoxy, chloro, OC(O)CHFCH.sub.2F, wherein the hydrofluorocarbon solvent comprises 2H,3H-decafluoropentane and the reaction mixture further comprises a fluorination agent.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for stabilizing an acrylic acid derivative, and a composition containing an acrylic acid derivative in which the acrylic acid derivative is stabilized. The present invention provides a composition comprising: (A) an acrylic acid derivative represented by Formula (I): ##STR00001##
(wherein, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different, and each represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl that may have one or more substituents, halogen, or hydrogen; R.sup.c represents a group: OR.sup.3 (wherein R.sup.3 represents alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl that may have one or more substituents, or hydrogen) or halogen; and X represents fluoroalkyl, alkyl, hydrogen, or halogen); and (B) amide, wherein the content of acrylic acid derivative (A) is 30% (w/w) or more.