Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to ionic liquid demulsifiers for separation of water from water-in-oil emulsions. The ionic liquid demulsifiers may formed of an amphiphilic quaternary ammonium cation with general formula of R.sub.1R.sub.2R.sub.3N+CH.sub.3 (R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are alkyl chains with 6 to 12 carbon atoms) and an amphiphilic anion based on carboxylic acids. Anionic component can be based on linear unsaturated or saturated fatty acids with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and cyclo-carboxylic acids containing cyclohexane, cyclopentane and naphthenic rings. The length of the alkyl chains and number of carbon atoms in the anionic components, as well as the operational parameters of demulsification process may be dependent on the water content and the nature of stabilizing species of the emulsions.

Pharmaceutical compounds have anti-inflammatory activity. A pharmaceutical composition may include a therapeutically effective amount of the compound(s) and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. A method of treating a disorder associated with chronic inflammation, such as arthritis, involves administering the pharmaceutical composition to an individual in need thereof.

Pharmaceutical compounds have anti-inflammatory activity. A pharmaceutical composition may include a therapeutically effective amount of the compound(s) and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. A method of treating a disorder associated with chronic inflammation, such as arthritis, involves administering the pharmaceutical composition to an individual in need thereof.

The invention relates to layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials and in particular to new methods of preparing improved LDH materials which have intercalated active anionic compounds (improved LDH-active anion materials). The improved LDH-active anion materials are characterized by their high degree of robustness, demonstrated by their high Particle Robustness Factor values, and by their ability to retain substantially all of the intercalated active anionic compound, in the absence of ion exchange conditions and/or at pH>4.

The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I, compositions containing same, and methods of use.

The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I, compositions containing same, and methods of use.

Provided is a method for producing a 3-phenylpropionic acid analogue compound represented by Formula (I), the method comprising a step of culturing lactic acid bacteria of genus Weissella using a culture medium that contains 3 mM or more of a cinnamic acid analogue compound represented by Formula (II), the lactic acid bacteria having properties (1a) to (3a) when inoculated to an MRS liquid culture medium containing 3 mM 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and cultured at 37 C. for 24 hours under an anaerobic condition: (1a) a turbidity of 1.0 or more; (2a) a ratio of reduction to 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid of 80% or more; and (3a) a ratio of decarboxylation to 4-vinylguaiacol of less than 5%. Also provided are lactic acid bacteria having these properties. The above method and lactic acid bacteria allow a 3-Phenylpropionic acid analogue compound to be efficiently produced.

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Provided is a method for producing a 3-phenylpropionic acid analogue compound represented by Formula (I), the method comprising a step of culturing lactic acid bacteria of genus Weissella using a culture medium that contains 3 mM or more of a cinnamic acid analogue compound represented by Formula (II), the lactic acid bacteria having properties (1a) to (3a) when inoculated to an MRS liquid culture medium containing 3 mM 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and cultured at 37 C. for 24 hours under an anaerobic condition: (1a) a turbidity of 1.0 or more; (2a) a ratio of reduction to 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid of 80% or more; and (3a) a ratio of decarboxylation to 4-vinylguaiacol of less than 5%. Also provided are lactic acid bacteria having these properties. The above method and lactic acid bacteria allow a 3-Phenylpropionic acid analogue compound to be efficiently produced.

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Methods, systems, compositions, and devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as polynucleotides, are described herein. Processes described herein provide for efficient washing of residual reagents, solvents, or byproducts from previous synthetic steps to allow for the generation of polynucleotides with low error rates. Processes described herein also provide for reduction in deletion rates during chemical nucleic acid synthesis. Further, methods and devices described herein allow for the rapid construction and assembly of large libraries of highly accurate polynucleotides.

Methods, systems, compositions, and devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as polynucleotides, are described herein. Processes described herein provide for efficient washing of residual reagents, solvents, or byproducts from previous synthetic steps to allow for the generation of polynucleotides with low error rates. Processes described herein also provide for reduction in deletion rates during chemical nucleic acid synthesis. Further, methods and devices described herein allow for the rapid construction and assembly of large libraries of highly accurate polynucleotides.