The present invention is directed to Cashew Nut Shell Liquid derivatives and methods for making and using same. The invention is also directed to Cashew Nut Shell Liquid based monomers and polymers for making antimicrobials, antioxidants, adhesives, coatings, corrosion retardants composites, cosmetics, detergents, soaps, de-icing products, elastomers, food, flavors, inks, lubricants, oil field chemicals, personal care products, polymers, structural polymers, engineered plastics, 3D printable polymers, techno-polymers, rubbers, sealants, solvents, surfactants and varnishes.

The present invention is directed to Cashew Nut Shell Liquid derivatives and methods for making and using same. The invention is also directed to Cashew Nut Shell Liquid based monomers and polymers for making antimicrobials, antioxidants, adhesives, coatings, corrosion retardants composites, cosmetics, detergents, soaps, de-icing products, elastomers, food, flavors, inks, lubricants, oil field chemicals, personal care products, polymers, structural polymers, engineered plastics, 3D printable polymers, techno-polymers, rubbers, sealants, solvents, surfactants and varnishes.

To provide a photopolymerization sensitizer which will not cause problems of dusting or coloring of a cured product by bleeding of additives such as the photopolymerization sensitizer on the surface e.g. by blooming at the time of photo-curing or during storage of the cured product, and which imparts a practically sufficient photo-curing rate. An oligomer of a 9,10-bis(substituted oxy)anthracene compound having repeating units represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein n represents a repetition number and is from 2 to 50, each of X and Y which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group or a halogen atom, and A is a bivalent substituent.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a first repeat unit defined by ##STR00001##
where R includes a first hydrocarbon chain that includes at least one olefinic bond, R.sub.5 includes a second hydrocarbon chain, the second hydrocarbon chain may be saturated, and n may be between 2 and 1,000.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a first repeat unit defined by ##STR00001##
where R includes a first hydrocarbon chain that includes at least one olefinic bond, R.sub.5 includes a second hydrocarbon chain, the second hydrocarbon chain may be saturated, and n may be between 2 and 1,000.

A method of preparing a raw material mixture by mixing a dicarboxylic acid and a C4-10 mono-alcohol, and obtaining a product mixture including a diester-based material and water by reacting the raw material mixture in the presence of a catalyst. In the first step, at least one among a reactor temperature (Condition A), an alcohol input amount (Condition B), and an inert gas input amount (Condition C) is controlled, and the distinction between a beginning stage of a reaction and an ending stage of the reaction in Conditions A to C above is based on a reaction control point. The reaction control point is a point of time selected at which a conversion rate of the reaction is between 10% and 80%. This method produces a diester-based material with improved reactivity and improved energy expenditure.

A method of preparing a raw material mixture by mixing a dicarboxylic acid and a C4-10 mono-alcohol, and obtaining a product mixture including a diester-based material and water by reacting the raw material mixture in the presence of a catalyst. In the first step, at least one among a reactor temperature (Condition A), an alcohol input amount (Condition B), and an inert gas input amount (Condition C) is controlled, and the distinction between a beginning stage of a reaction and an ending stage of the reaction in Conditions A to C above is based on a reaction control point. The reaction control point is a point of time selected at which a conversion rate of the reaction is between 10% and 80%. This method produces a diester-based material with improved reactivity and improved energy expenditure.

[Problem] An ester compound having low viscosity, excellent fluidity even at low temperatures, and a high viscosity index; and a lubricating oil base oil containing said compound are provided. [Solution] The present invention provides an ester compound indicated by formula (I). Formula (I) (in formula (I), R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 35 carbon atoms and at least one hydrogen in the hydrocarbon group may be independently substituted with a group indicated by formula (II)). Formula (II) (in formula (II), R.sub.2 is a linear alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.)

[Problem] An ester compound having low viscosity, excellent fluidity even at low temperatures, and a high viscosity index; and a lubricating oil base oil containing said compound are provided. [Solution] The present invention provides an ester compound indicated by formula (I). Formula (I) (in formula (I), R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 35 carbon atoms and at least one hydrogen in the hydrocarbon group may be independently substituted with a group indicated by formula (II)). Formula (II) (in formula (II), R.sub.2 is a linear alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.)

A rigid foam or a composition allowing a rigid foam to be obtained, including a polyester polyol or a polymer including a polyester polyol, the polyester polyol being obtained by a first polycondensation (a) of a C3 to C8 sugar alcohol Z and two identical or different C4 to C36 diacids Y and Y′ and a second polycondensation (b) of the product obtained in (a) with two identical or different C2 to C12 diols X and X′.