Aspects of the present application relate to process for the preparation of Pyrrolidine derivatives useful as key intermediates for active ingredients. Specific aspects relate to alternate process for the preparation of Upadacitinib intermediate, 4-ethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, its ester or a salt thereof. Processes disclosed here in are cost effective and industrially viable as compared to known processes.

Aspects of the present application relate to process for the preparation of Pyrrolidine derivatives useful as key intermediates for active ingredients. Specific aspects relate to alternate process for the preparation of Upadacitinib intermediate, 4-ethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, its ester or a salt thereof. Processes disclosed here in are cost effective and industrially viable as compared to known processes.

Various embodiments of this invention are directed to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating disease. The compositions of such embodiments include reversible nitroxide derivatives of nitroalkenes. The methods of various embodiments include administering an effective amount of any of these pharmaceutical compositions to a patient in need of treatment.

Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

Various embodiments of this invention are directed to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating disease. The compositions of such embodiments include reversible nitroxide derivatives of nitroalkenes. The methods of various embodiments include administering an effective amount of any of these pharmaceutical compositions to a patient in need of treatment.

Various embodiments of this invention are directed to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating disease. The compositions of such embodiments include reversible nitroxide derivatives of nitroalkenes. The methods of various embodiments include administering an effective amount of any of these pharmaceutical compositions to a patient in need of treatment.

Described herein are nitrated lipids and methods of making and using the nitrated lipids.

Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.