The present application discloses methods for detecting and quantifying tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) in a water sample. In the methods, a water sample is mixed with a KMnO.sub.4 solution to form a mixture. An intensity of KMnO.sub.4 absorption in the mixture is then measured at a wavelength of 525 nm. The measured intensity is normalized by subtracting a background intensity at a wavelength of 650 nm. The presence and concentration of THPS in the water sample can then be determined by comparing the normalized intensity with intensity values of KMnO.sub.4 absorption of calibration samples comprising KMnO.sub.4 and known THPS concentrations.

The present invention provides a magnetic biochar-quaternary phosphonium salt bactericidal material, a preparation method therefor and usage thereof, and belongs to the field of water treatment. The preparation method comprises: 1) using corn straw biochar as a precursor to prepare magnetic biochar by a co-precipitation method; and 2) adding the magnetic biochar into deionized water, then adding a quaternary phosphonium salt, performing the magnetic stir at room temperature, raising the temperature after sufficient impregnation, carrying out a hydrothermal reaction, and then cooling to the room temperature to obtain the bactericidal material. The temperature is raised to 60° C.˜70° C. The recycling of the biochar material is effectively realized, the long-acting sterilization of the quaternary phosphonium salt bactericide and the magnetic recovery and recycling of the materials are realized, the residue of the bactericide is reduced, and a foundation is laid for the effective removal of microorganisms in wastewater.

The present invention provides a magnetic biochar-quaternary phosphonium salt bactericidal material, a preparation method therefor and usage thereof, and belongs to the field of water treatment. The preparation method comprises: 1) using corn straw biochar as a precursor to prepare magnetic biochar by a co-precipitation method; and 2) adding the magnetic biochar into deionized water, then adding a quaternary phosphonium salt, performing the magnetic stir at room temperature, raising the temperature after sufficient impregnation, carrying out a hydrothermal reaction, and then cooling to the room temperature to obtain the bactericidal material. The temperature is raised to 60° C.˜70° C. The recycling of the biochar material is effectively realized, the long-acting sterilization of the quaternary phosphonium salt bactericide and the magnetic recovery and recycling of the materials are realized, the residue of the bactericide is reduced, and a foundation is laid for the effective removal of microorganisms in wastewater.

Provided herein are rapid, large-scale screening methods for identifying metal-biocide combinations that are synergistically effective to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Also provided herein are novel, synergistically antimicrobial metal-biocide combinations and uses of such compositions to curb or slow microbial growth.

Provided herein are rapid, large-scale screening methods for identifying metal-biocide combinations that are synergistically effective to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Also provided herein are novel, synergistically antimicrobial metal-biocide combinations and uses of such compositions to curb or slow microbial growth.

This invention provides polynucleotide molecules and methods for regulating genes in plants, e. g., by providing RNA for systemic regulation of genes. Various aspects of the invention provide polynucleotide molecules and methods for regulating endogenous genes and transgenes in a plant cell and polynucleotide molecules.

This invention provides polynucleotide molecules and methods for regulating genes in plants, e. g., by providing RNA for systemic regulation of genes. Various aspects of the invention provide polynucleotide molecules and methods for regulating endogenous genes and transgenes in a plant cell and polynucleotide molecules.

Provided herein are rapid, large-scale screening methods for identifying metal-biocide combinations that are synergistically effective to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Also provided herein are novel, synergistically antimicrobial metal-biocide combinations and uses of such compositions to curb or slow microbial growth.

Provided herein are rapid, large-scale screening methods for identifying metal-biocide combinations that are synergistically effective to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Also provided herein are novel, synergistically antimicrobial metal-biocide combinations and uses of such compositions to curb or slow microbial growth.

The present application discloses methods for detecting and quantifying tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) in a water sample. In the methods, a water sample is mixed with a KMnO.sub.4 solution to form a mixture. An intensity of KMnO.sub.4 absorption in the mixture is then measured at a wavelength of 525 nm. The measured intensity is normalized by subtracting a background intensity at a wavelength of 650 nm. The presence and concentration of THPS in the water sample can then be determined by comparing the normalized intensity with intensity values of KMnO.sub.4 absorption of calibration samples comprising KMnO.sub.4 and known THPS concentrations.