Disclosed herein is a compound of formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein the substituents are defined herein.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation.

An electrolyte includes a compound of formula 1: ##STR00001## formula 1. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently selected from H, halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-10 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 heteroaryl group, or any combination thereof. R is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-10 aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 heterocycloalkyl group, a butyrolactam group, ##STR00002##
or any combination thereof.

An electrolyte includes a compound of formula 1: ##STR00001## formula 1. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently selected from H, halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-10 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 heteroaryl group, or any combination thereof. R is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-10 aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-10 heterocycloalkyl group, a butyrolactam group, ##STR00002##
or any combination thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying ethylenediamine (EDA) by distillation, wherein the process comprises the steps a) and b). In step a), a mixture (G1) comprising water, EDA and N-methylethylenediamine (N-MeEDA) is fed into a distillation apparatus (D1), and the major part of the water comprised in the mixture (G1) is separated off overhead at a pressure of greater than 4.8 bara. From the bottom of (D1), the water-enriched mixture (G2) is fed into a distillation apparatus (D2) in step b). At the top of (D2), the major part of the N-MeEDA is distilled off. The stream (S3) obtained from the bottom of (D2) comprises EDA, with the components water and N-MeEDA comprised in the mixture (G1) having been largely or completely removed. Further distillation steps can optionally be carried out in order to obtain pure EDA, for example when diethylenetriamine (DETA) is additionally comprised in the mixture (G1). If ammonia is additionally comprised in the mixture (G1), an ammonia removal is preferably additionally carried out before carrying out the step a) in the process of the invention.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying ethylenediamine (EDA) by distillation, wherein the process comprises the steps a) and b). In step a), a mixture (G1) comprising water, EDA and N-methylethylenediamine (N-MeEDA) is fed into a distillation apparatus (D1), and the major part of the water comprised in the mixture (G1) is separated off overhead at a pressure of greater than 4.8 bara. From the bottom of (D1), the water-enriched mixture (G2) is fed into a distillation apparatus (D2) in step b). At the top of (D2), the major part of the N-MeEDA is distilled off. The stream (S3) obtained from the bottom of (D2) comprises EDA, with the components water and N-MeEDA comprised in the mixture (G1) having been largely or completely removed. Further distillation steps can optionally be carried out in order to obtain pure EDA, for example when diethylenetriamine (DETA) is additionally comprised in the mixture (G1). If ammonia is additionally comprised in the mixture (G1), an ammonia removal is preferably additionally carried out before carrying out the step a) in the process of the invention.

[Object] To provide a liquid crystal alignment layer that can easily be formed, to which an anchoring force can be efficiently induced with less polarized light for exposure, and that is effective in controlling the orientation and pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules, and a compound and polymer that can be used for such a liquid crystal alignment layer. [Solution] A compound is represented by general formula (I): ##STR00001##
where L is a polymerizable group; Sp is a spacer unit containing methylene; Q is a direct bond, O, or other group; A contains a group selected from the group consisting of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene and other groups; s is an integer of 1 to 4, where if s is 2 to 4, each A may be the same or different; X and Y are each independently hydrogen or other group; and M is any of general formulas (IIa), (IIb), and (IIc): ##STR00002##

[Object] To provide a liquid crystal alignment layer that can easily be formed, to which an anchoring force can be efficiently induced with less polarized light for exposure, and that is effective in controlling the orientation and pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules, and a compound and polymer that can be used for such a liquid crystal alignment layer. [Solution] A compound is represented by general formula (I): ##STR00001##
where L is a polymerizable group; Sp is a spacer unit containing methylene; Q is a direct bond, O, or other group; A contains a group selected from the group consisting of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene and other groups; s is an integer of 1 to 4, where if s is 2 to 4, each A may be the same or different; X and Y are each independently hydrogen or other group; and M is any of general formulas (IIa), (IIb), and (IIc): ##STR00002##

The invention relates to novel, optionally deuterated compounds of Formula (I)

##STR00001##

and their use as medicament.