New regulator compounds for a novel polymerization process for vinyl monomers, which yields polymers with improved control over composition and nearly full to full conservation of architectural integrity up to high conversion. The regulator compounds are defined by according to anyone of the Formulas 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, 1H and 1I: ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 stands for an optionally substituted secondary or tertiary alkyl or secondary or tertiary aralkyl; Z.sup.1 stands for CN or a carboxylic acid ester of formula C(O)OR.sup.21; Z.sup.2 may be chosen from the group of CN, carboxylic acid, salts of carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid ester, carboxylic acid amides, (hetero)aryl, alkenyl and halogen; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently chosen from the group of H, alkyl, aralkyl, (hetero)aryl, CN and carboxylic acid ester of formula C(O)OR.sup.22; R.sup.7 stands for a primary alkyl or primary aralkyl, CN or hydrogen; Y stands for a bridging group and n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; in case R.sup.1 stands for tertiary alkyl or tertiary aralkyl, R.sup.6 stands for a primary alkyl or primary aralkyl, CN or a carboxylic acid ester of formula C(O)OR.sup.26; in case R.sup.1 stands for a secondary alkyl or secondary aralkyl, R.sup.6 stands for a primary or secondary alkyl or primary or secondary aralkyl, CN, a carboxylic acid ester of formula C(O)OR.sup.26 or a phosphonic acid ester of formula P(O)(OR.sup.27).sub.2, a (hetero)aryl or an alkenyl; R.sup.21, R.sup.22, R.sup.26 and R.sup.27 each independently stand for alkyl or aralkyl having from 1-30 carbon atoms, optionally containing heteroatoms.

The invention provides branched trialkylamine oxides with improved properties. The trialkylamine oxides of the invention produced from branched trialkylamines, in one embodiment, can be made using certain branched C10-12 enals and aldehydes. The invention also provides an trialkylamine oxide having the formula: ##STR00001##
wherein R5, R6 and R7 are independently at least one of C3H7, C2H5, CH3, or H, or mixtures thereof; and wherein R5 and R6 are not H at the same time. In one embodiment, the trialkylamine oxides of the invention can be useful in making various products, for example, as surfactants.

The invention provides branched trialkylamine oxides with improved properties. The trialkylamine oxides of the invention produced from branched trialkylamines, in one embodiment, can be made using certain branched C10-12 enals and aldehydes. The invention also provides an trialkylamine oxide having the formula: ##STR00001##
wherein R5, R6 and R7 are independently at least one of C3H7, C2H5, CH3, or H, or mixtures thereof; and wherein R5 and R6 are not H at the same time. In one embodiment, the trialkylamine oxides of the invention can be useful in making various products, for example, as surfactants.

The present invention relates to a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by formula (1): RfX.sup.1X.sup.2NQ.sub.kT.sub.2-k (1), and a method for preparing the same. The present invention also relates to a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by formula (2),

##STR00001##

and a method for preparing the same. The present invention also relates to a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by formula (3),

##STR00002##

and a method for preparing the same. The perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound of the present invention can be used for a surface treatment agent so that the substrates such as glass etc processed by the surface treatment agent are excellent in anti-fouling, anti-fingerprint, scrape resistant and abrasion resistant performances. Moreover, the preparation method of each of the compounds of the present invention is simple in process, easy to operate and implement.

The present invention relates to a carboxyl group containing perfluoropolyether compound of formula (I): RfX.sup.1X.sup.2(I). In the formula RfX.sup.1X.sup.2(I), Rf represents F(CF.sub.2).sub.m(OC.sub.4F.sub.8).sub.p(OC.sub.3F.sub.6).sub.q(OC.sub.2F.sub.4).sub.r(OCF.sub.2).sub.sOC(Z)F(CF.sub.2).sub.n, wherein p, q, r and s are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less, and the sum of p, q, r and s is at least 1; in the formula, the occurrence order and number of the respective repeating units in parentheses with the subscript p, q, r or s are arbitrary in the formula; m and n are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less, Z is F or CF.sub.3; X.sup.1 represents a divalent organic group; and X.sup.2 represents a COOH group.

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of quinolone based compounds of general formula (I) using intermediate compound of general formula (XII). Invention also provides an improved process for the preparation of compound of formula (I-a) using intermediate compound of formula (XII-a) and some novel impurities generated during process. Compounds prepared using this process can be used to treat anemia.

Provided is a compound that thickens a fluid organic material to a desired viscosity and uniformly stabilizes composition thereof. A compound of the present invention is represented by Formula (1): where R.sup.1 represents a monovalent linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 10 to 25 carbons; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different, representing a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 4, 6, or 8 carbons, a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 carbons, or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group; R.sup.4 represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 8 carbon(s); R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are the same or different, representing a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 3 carbon(s) or a hydroxyalkylether group L.sup.1 to L.sup.3 represent an amide bond; in a case where L.sup.1 and L.sup.3 are CONH, L.sup.2 is NHCO, and in a case where L.sup.1 and L.sup.3 are NHCO, L.sup.2 is CONH.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by formula (1): RfX.sup.1X.sup.2NQ.sub.kT.sub.2-k, (1), and a method for preparing the same. The present invention also relates to a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by formula (2),

##STR00001##

and a method for preparing the same. The present invention also relates to a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by formula (3),

##STR00002##

and a method for preparing the same. The perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound of the present invention can be used for a surface treatment agent so that the substrates such as glass etc processed by the surface treatment agent are excellent in anti-fouling, anti-fingerprint, scrape resistant and abrasion resistant performances. Moreover, the preparation method of each of the compounds of the present invention is simple in process, easy to operate and implement.

The present disclosure provides a polyetheramine alkoxylate compound containing aromatic groups in the hydrophobe allowing the compound to exhibit unique functionality, high performance and low cost, but without the toxicity and/or skin and eye irritation problems associated with conventional polyetheramine compounds.

An anthraquinone compound of formula I (such as the compounds of formulae II to X) and processes for making the same are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in the treatment of cancer, optionally in combination with an agent capable of reducing the level of oxygenation of a tumour, are also provided. Additionally, an option for combination with chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic modalities to enhance overall tumour cell kill is provided. Methods for the detection of cellular hypoxia, both in vivo and in vitro, are additionally provided.

##STR00001##