Biodegradable surfactants are described, in which an amphiphilic heteroatom containing hydrocarbon optionally comprising at least one counterion (Z), and related compositions, methods and systems. Biodegradable surfactant described herein has an aHLB value in accordance with equation (1): aHLB=20*Gh/(Gh−Gt) (1) wherein Gh is the Group Number of a hydrophilic head portion of the biodegradable surfactant optionally comprising the at least one counterion (Z), and Gt is the Group Number of a hydrophobic tail portion of the biodegradable surfactant. A biodegradable surfactant in the sense of the disclosure can be tuned to a set hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (aHLB) by selectively modifying at least one tuning moiety of the biodegradable surfactants to provide tuned biodegradable surfactants having an increase or decrease in their adjusted hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (aHLB).

Provided herein are solid forms comprising (a) 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione and (b) a coformer. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the solid forms (e.g., cocrystals) and methods for treating, preventing and managing various disorders are also disclosed.

Provided herein are solid forms comprising (a) 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione and (b) a coformer. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the solid forms (e.g., cocrystals) and methods for treating, preventing and managing various disorders are also disclosed.

A surfactant of formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently a hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted arylalkyl, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted arylalkyl, x is an integer in a range of 2-8, y is an integer in a range of 1-15, z is an integer in a range of 4-10, n is an integer in a range of 2-5, and A is one of a carboxybetaine group, a sulfobetaine group, or a hydroxy sulfobetaine group. An oil and gas well servicing fluid containing the surfactant and methods of servicing an oil and gas well are also described.

A surfactant of formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently a hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted arylalkyl, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted arylalkyl, x is an integer in a range of 2-8, y is an integer in a range of 1-15, z is an integer in a range of 4-10, n is an integer in a range of 2-5, and A is one of a carboxybetaine group, a sulfobetaine group, or a hydroxy sulfobetaine group. An oil and gas well servicing fluid containing the surfactant and methods of servicing an oil and gas well are also described.

The invention provides an associative polymer, a powder, and a process for making a powder including, networking one or more associative polymers and one or more optional surfactants to form a wet gel, and forming a powder from the wet gel, wherein the associative polymer(s) have a weight average molecular weight of from about 10 kDa to about 2,000 kDa.

The invention provides an associative polymer, a powder, and a process for making a powder including, networking one or more associative polymers and one or more optional surfactants to form a wet gel, and forming a powder from the wet gel, wherein the associative polymer(s) have a weight average molecular weight of from about 10 kDa to about 2,000 kDa.

The invention provides an associative polymer, a powder, and a process for making a powder comprising, networking one or more associative polymer(s) and one or more optional surfactant(s) to form a wet gel, and forming a powder from the wet gel, wherein the associative polymer(s) have a weight average molecular weight of from about 10 kDa to about 2,000 kDa.

The invention provides an associative polymer, a powder, and a process for making a powder comprising, networking one or more associative polymer(s) and one or more optional surfactant(s) to form a wet gel, and forming a powder from the wet gel, wherein the associative polymer(s) have a weight average molecular weight of from about 10 kDa to about 2,000 kDa.

An alkyl sulfate ester containing a carbonyl group or a salt thereof. The compound is represented by the following formula:

R.sup.1C(O)(CR.sup.2.sub.2).sub.n(OR.sup.3).sub.p(CR.sup.4.sub.2).sub.q-L-OSO.sub.3X

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, L, X, n, p and q are as defined herein. Also disclosed is a production method for making the alkyl sulfate ester.