Compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein G.sup.1, G.sup.2, G.sup.3, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, and L.sup.3 are as defined in the specification, are useful in treating conditions or disorders prevented by or ameliorated by the modulation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1. Methods for making the compounds are described. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions of compounds of formula (I), and methods for using such compounds and compositions.

##STR00001##

Compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein G.sup.1, G.sup.2, G.sup.3, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, and L.sup.3 are as defined in the specification, are useful in treating conditions or disorders prevented by or ameliorated by the modulation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1. Methods for making the compounds are described. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions of compounds of formula (I), and methods for using such compounds and compositions.

##STR00001##

A process for the preparation of a class of molecules, namely bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and derivatives thereof by reaction of [1.1.1]propellane with a variety of reagents under irradiation and/or in the presence of radical initiators to obtain bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes asymmetrically substituted at position 1 and 3, which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of asymmetrically 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives and various physiologically active substances or materials containing these structures.

The present invention concerns a method for preparing an oxysulphide and fluorinated derivative of formula (III) Ea-SO.sub.3R (III) that comprises bringing a compound of formula (II) Ea-SOOR (II)Ea representing the fluorine atom or a group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms chosen from the fluoroalkyls, the perfluoroalkyls and the fluoroalkenyls; andR representing hydrogen, a monovalent cation or an alkyl group; into contact, in the presence of a polar aprotic organic solvent, with an oxidising agent.

The present invention concerns a method for preparing an oxysulphide and fluorinated derivative of formula (III) Ea-SO.sub.3R (III) that comprises bringing a compound of formula (II) Ea-SOOR (II)Ea representing the fluorine atom or a group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms chosen from the fluoroalkyls, the perfluoroalkyls and the fluoroalkenyls; andR representing hydrogen, a monovalent cation or an alkyl group; into contact, in the presence of a polar aprotic organic solvent, with an oxidising agent.

An organic compound, a three-dimensional organic structure formed by using the organic compound, a separation sieve and an optical layer having the organic structure, and an optical device having the optical layer as an optical amplification layer are provided. The organic structure includes a plurality of organic molecules self-assembled by non-covalent bonding. Each of the unit organic molecules has an aromatic ring, a first pair of substituents being connected to immediately adjacent positions of substitutable positions of the aromatic ring, and a second pair of substituents being connected to immediately adjacent positions of remaining substitutable positions of the aromatic ring. The unit organic molecules are self-assembled by van der Waals interaction, London dispersion interaction or hydrogen bonding between the first and the second pairs of the substituents and by pi-pi interactions between the aromatic rings.

An organic compound, a three-dimensional organic structure formed by using the organic compound, a separation sieve and an optical layer having the organic structure, and an optical device having the optical layer as an optical amplification layer are provided. The organic structure includes a plurality of organic molecules self-assembled by non-covalent bonding. Each of the unit organic molecules has an aromatic ring, a first pair of substituents being connected to immediately adjacent positions of substitutable positions of the aromatic ring, and a second pair of substituents being connected to immediately adjacent positions of remaining substitutable positions of the aromatic ring. The unit organic molecules are self-assembled by van der Waals interaction, London dispersion interaction or hydrogen bonding between the first and the second pairs of the substituents and by pi-pi interactions between the aromatic rings.

A process of in situ forming a dye discharge reagent on at least a portion of surface of a dyed substrate, effected by applying two or more compositions comprising reactants on the substrate, such that the reactants undergo a chemical reaction on the substrate to form the reagent is provided herein, as well as a method for dye discharging a dyed substrate using the process of in situ forming a dye discharge reagent, and a dye discharge composition comprising said dye discharge reagent. In some embodiments of the invention, the reactants are thiourea and a peroxide, and the dye discharge reagent is formamidine sulfinic acid (FSA).

The invention provides compounds having the general formula I:

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables R.sup.AA, n, ring A, X.sup.1, L, m, X.sup.2, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, X, and R.sup.6 have the meaning as described herein, and compositions containing such compounds and methods for using such compounds and compositions.

The invention provides compounds having the general formula I:

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables R.sup.AA, n, ring A, X.sup.1, L, m, X.sup.2, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, X, and R.sup.6 have the meaning as described herein, and compositions containing such compounds and methods for using such compounds and compositions.