An example of a fusing agent includes a metal bis(dithiolene) salt, a polar aprotic solvent, and a balance of water. An example of a method for making an example of the fusing agent includes adding a metal bis(dithiolene) salt into a liquid vehicle including at least a polar aprotic solvent and water.

An example of a fusing agent includes a metal bis(dithiolene) salt, a polar aprotic solvent, and a balance of water. An example of a method for making an example of the fusing agent includes adding a metal bis(dithiolene) salt into a liquid vehicle including at least a polar aprotic solvent and water.

The present invention provides an amidite compound represented by formula (1) which enables a synthesis of RNA with high purity, and the method for preparing a polynucleotide by using the same compound. (In the formula (1), wherein R represents the following formula (wherein R.sup.a and R.sup.b are identical to or different from each other and each represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a hydrogen atom, with the proviso that R.sup.a and R.sup.b does not represent a hydrogen atom, n is an integer of 1 to 5), and B.sup.a represents a group containing optionally protected nucleobase structure, and G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are identical to or different from each other and each represents a protecting group for a hydroxy group, and G.sup.3 are identical to or different from each other and each represents an alkyl group. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides an amidite compound represented by formula (1) which enables a synthesis of RNA with high purity, and the method for preparing a polynucleotide by using the same compound. (In the formula (1), wherein R represents the following formula (wherein R.sup.a and R.sup.b are identical to or different from each other and each represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a hydrogen atom, with the proviso that R.sup.a and R.sup.b does not represent a hydrogen atom, n is an integer of 1 to 5), and B.sup.a represents a group containing optionally protected nucleobase structure, and G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are identical to or different from each other and each represents a protecting group for a hydroxy group, and G.sup.3 are identical to or different from each other and each represents an alkyl group. ##STR00001##

Methods for synthesizing a mercaptan compound include the steps of contacting a nickel-molybdenum catalyst with H.sub.2S at a sulfiding temperature of less than or equal to 235° C. to form a supported sulfur-containing catalyst, and then contacting an alcohol compound or an olefin compound, H.sub.2S, and the supported sulfur-containing catalyst to form a reaction mixture containing the mercaptan compound.

Methods and reagents for esterification of biological molecules including proteins, polypeptides and peptides. Diazo compounds of formula I:

##STR00001##

where R is hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl or an alkynyl, R.sub.A represents 1-5 substituents on the indicated phenyl ring and R.sub.M is an organic group. R.sub.M includes a label, a cell penetrating group, a cell targeting group, or a reactive group or latent reactive group for reaction to bond to a label, a cell penetrating group, or a cell targeting group, among other organic groups useful for esterification of biological molecules. Also provided are diazo compounds which are bifunctional and trifunctional coupling reagents as well as reagents for the synthesis of compounds of formula I.

Methods and reagents for esterification of biological molecules including proteins, polypeptides and peptides. Diazo compounds of formula I:

##STR00001##

where R is hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl or an alkynyl, R.sub.A represents 1-5 substituents on the indicated phenyl ring and R.sub.M is an organic group. R.sub.M includes a label, a cell penetrating group, a cell targeting group, or a reactive group or latent reactive group for reaction to bond to a label, a cell penetrating group, or a cell targeting group, among other organic groups useful for esterification of biological molecules. Also provided are diazo compounds which are bifunctional and trifunctional coupling reagents as well as reagents for the synthesis of compounds of formula I.

Methods and reagents for esterification of biological molecules including proteins, polypeptides and peptides. Diazo compounds of formula I:

##STR00001##

where R is hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl or an alkynyl, R.sub.A represents 1-5 substituents on the indicated phenyl ring and R.sub.M is an organic group. R.sub.M includes a label, a cell penetrating group, a cell targeting group, or a reactive group or latent reactive group for reaction to bond to a label, a cell penetrating group, or a cell targeting group, among other organic groups useful for esterification of biological molecules. Also provided are diazo compounds which are bifunctional and trifunctional coupling reagents as well as reagents for the synthesis of compounds of formula I.

A novel Low Free 2-MercaptoEthanol Ester has been used to prepare Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers as well as used to enhance the thermal performance of those Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers or Alkyl Tin Thioglycolate Stabilizers or Alkyl Tin Mercaptides for PVC applications where odor during PVC compounding, processing, or of the final PVC article has prevented widespread use of Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers.

A novel Low Free 2-MercaptoEthanol Ester has been used to prepare Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers as well as used to enhance the thermal performance of those Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers or Alkyl Tin Thioglycolate Stabilizers or Alkyl Tin Mercaptides for PVC applications where odor during PVC compounding, processing, or of the final PVC article has prevented widespread use of Alkyl Tin Reverse Ester Stabilizers.