The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups and to the use thereof in, for example, dirt-repellent coatings.

The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups and to the use thereof in, for example, dirt-repellent coatings.

An example of a fusing agent includes a metal bis(dithiolene) salt, a polar aprotic solvent, and a balance of water. An example of a method for making an example of the fusing agent includes adding a metal bis(dithiolene) salt into a liquid vehicle including at least a polar aprotic solvent and water.

An example of a fusing agent includes a metal bis(dithiolene) salt, a polar aprotic solvent, and a balance of water. An example of a method for making an example of the fusing agent includes adding a metal bis(dithiolene) salt into a liquid vehicle including at least a polar aprotic solvent and water.

The present invention provides an amidite compound represented by formula (1) which enables a synthesis of RNA with high purity, and the method for preparing a polynucleotide by using the same compound. (In the formula (1), wherein R represents the following formula (wherein R.sup.a and R.sup.b are identical to or different from each other and each represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a hydrogen atom, with the proviso that R.sup.a and R.sup.b does not represent a hydrogen atom, n is an integer of 1 to 5), and B.sup.a represents a group containing optionally protected nucleobase structure, and G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are identical to or different from each other and each represents a protecting group for a hydroxy group, and G.sup.3 are identical to or different from each other and each represents an alkyl group.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides an amidite compound represented by formula (1) which enables a synthesis of RNA with high purity, and the method for preparing a polynucleotide by using the same compound. (In the formula (1), wherein R represents the following formula (wherein R.sup.a and R.sup.b are identical to or different from each other and each represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a hydrogen atom, with the proviso that R.sup.a and R.sup.b does not represent a hydrogen atom, n is an integer of 1 to 5), and B.sup.a represents a group containing optionally protected nucleobase structure, and G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 are identical to or different from each other and each represents a protecting group for a hydroxy group, and G.sup.3 are identical to or different from each other and each represents an alkyl group.

##STR00001##

A method for esterification of one or more carboxylic acid groups in a compound containing one or more carboxylic acid groups wherein the esterification reagent is a diazo-compound of formula: ##STR00001##
wherein the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 groups of the diazo compound are selected such that the corresponding organic compound of formula: ##STR00002##
exhibits a —C—H pKa value between 18 and 29 as measured in DMSO. Specific reagents and methods for esterification are provided. The esterification reagents provided exhibit high selectivity for esterification of carboxylic acid groups over reaction with amine, alcohol or thiol groups in the compound containing one or more carboxylic acid groups. The method can be used to selectively esterify carboxylic acid groups in peptides or proteins.

A method for esterification of one or more carboxylic acid groups in a compound containing one or more carboxylic acid groups wherein the esterification reagent is a diazo-compound of formula: ##STR00001##
wherein the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 groups of the diazo compound are selected such that the corresponding organic compound of formula: ##STR00002##
exhibits a —C—H pKa value between 18 and 29 as measured in DMSO. Specific reagents and methods for esterification are provided. The esterification reagents provided exhibit high selectivity for esterification of carboxylic acid groups over reaction with amine, alcohol or thiol groups in the compound containing one or more carboxylic acid groups. The method can be used to selectively esterify carboxylic acid groups in peptides or proteins.

A method for manufacturing 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid (HMTBA) from 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butyronitrile (HMTBN), where HMTBN is hydrolyzed into HMTBA in the presence of a mineral acid in an aqueous medium, the medium is neutralized by addition of a base, a first phase including at least HMTBA and salts and a second phase containing salts are separated, the method including the separation of the HMTBA from the salts of the first phase, by subjecting the latter to a chromatography.

A method for manufacturing 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid (HMTBA) from 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butyronitrile (HMTBN), where HMTBN is hydrolyzed into HMTBA in the presence of a mineral acid in an aqueous medium, the medium is neutralized by addition of a base, a first phase including at least HMTBA and salts and a second phase containing salts are separated, the method including the separation of the HMTBA from the salts of the first phase, by subjecting the latter to a chromatography.