Provided is an additive for imparting ultraviolet absorbency, or an additive for imparting a high refractive index, which has satisfactory compatibility with a resin serving as a matrix and can maintain high transparency even if added in high concentrations. Also provided is an additive with which the function of imparting both ultraviolet absorbency and a high refractive index can be realized by means of one kind of additive. This additive is represented by the following Formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein at least one of R.sup.1a to R.sup.9a is a monovalent sulfur-containing group represented by the following Formula (i-1) or Formula (i-2):

##STR00002## wherein R.sup.10a to R.sup.12a each represent a divalent hydrocarbon group or the like; and R.sup.13a represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a sulfurized aromatic amine compound, especially sulfur coupled aniline. The invention further relates to methods of lubricating an internal combustion engine by supplying the described lubricating composition to the internal combustion engine. The invention further relates to the use of the sulfurized aromatic amine compound as a TBN booster and an antioxidant.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a sulfurized aromatic amine compound, especially sulfur coupled aniline. The invention further relates to methods of lubricating an internal combustion engine by supplying the described lubricating composition to the internal combustion engine. The invention further relates to the use of the sulfurized aromatic amine compound as a TBN booster and an antioxidant.

The present invention is related to the preparation and pharmaceutical use of substituted 3-haloallylamine derivatives as SSAO/VAP-1 inhibitors having the structure of Formula I, as defined in the specification: ##STR00001##
The invention also relates to methods of using compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivatives thereof, for the treatment of a variety of indications, e.g., inflammatory diseases, ocular diseases, fibrotic diseases, diabetes-induced diseases and cancer.

The present invention is related to the preparation and pharmaceutical use of substituted 3-haloallylamine derivatives as SSAO/VAP-1 inhibitors having the structure of Formula I, as defined in the specification: ##STR00001##
The invention also relates to methods of using compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivatives thereof, for the treatment of a variety of indications, e.g., inflammatory diseases, ocular diseases, fibrotic diseases, diabetes-induced diseases and cancer.

Provided is an additive for imparting ultraviolet absorbency, or an additive for imparting a high refractive index, which has satisfactory compatibility with a resin serving as a matrix and can maintain high transparency even if added in high concentrations. Also provided is an additive with which the function of imparting both ultraviolet absorbency and a high refractive index can be realized by means of one kind of additive. This additive is represented by the following Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein at least one of R.sup.1a to R.sup.9a is a monovalent sulfur-containing group represented by the following Formula (i-1) or Formula (i-2):
R.sup.10a.sub.mSH  (i-1)
R.sup.11a.sub.nSR.sup.12a—S.sub.pR.sup.13a  (i-2) wherein R.sup.10a to R.sup.12a each represent a divalent hydrocarbon group or the like; and R.sup.13a represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like.

Provided is an additive for imparting ultraviolet absorbency, or an additive for imparting a high refractive index, which has satisfactory compatibility with a resin serving as a matrix and can maintain high transparency even if added in high concentrations. Also provided is an additive with which the function of imparting both ultraviolet absorbency and a high refractive index can be realized by means of one kind of additive. This additive is represented by the following Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein at least one of R.sup.1a to R.sup.9a is a monovalent sulfur-containing group represented by the following Formula (i-1) or Formula (i-2):
R.sup.10a.sub.mSH  (i-1)
R.sup.11a.sub.nSR.sup.12a—S.sub.pR.sup.13a  (i-2) wherein R.sup.10a to R.sup.12a each represent a divalent hydrocarbon group or the like; and R.sup.13a represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like.

A process synthesizes a compound with at least one alkylene group and at least one thiol or thiolate group. The process involves reacting a compound with at least one five-membered cyclic monothiocarbonate group with a starter selected from a compound with at least one thiol group, from a compound with at least one hydroxy group, or from a basic inorganic composed; to obtain a compound with at least one alkylene group and at least one thiol or thiolate group and carbon dioxide.

A process synthesizes a compound with at least one alkylene group and at least one thiol or thiolate group. The process involves reacting a compound with at least one five-membered cyclic monothiocarbonate group with a starter selected from a compound with at least one thiol group, from a compound with at least one hydroxy group, or from a basic inorganic composed; to obtain a compound with at least one alkylene group and at least one thiol or thiolate group and carbon dioxide.

The present disclosure describes methods for silylating aromatic organic substrates, and associated chemical systems, said methods comprising or consisting essentially of contacting the aromatic organic substrate with a mixture of (a) at least one organosilane and (b) at least one strong base, under conditions sufficient to silylate the aromatic substrate.