The present invention provides, inter alia, a compound having the structure of Formula (I). Also provided are compositions containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound according to the present invention. Further provided are methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of an excitotoxic disorder in a subject, methods of modulating ferroptosis in a subject, methods of reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell, and methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a neurodegenerative disease.

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The present invention discloses processes for producing normal alpha olefins, such as 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, and 1-dodecene in a multistep synthesis scheme from another normal alpha olefin. Also disclosed are reactions for converting aldehydes, primary alcohols, and terminal vicinal diols into normal alpha olefins.

Catalyst compositions for the conversion of aldehyde compounds and primary alcohol compounds to olefins are disclosed herein. Reactions include oxidative dehydroxymethylation processes and oxidative dehydroformylation methods, which are beneficially conducted in the presence of a sacrificial acceptor of H.sub.2 gas, such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide.

Provided are industrial processes for producing an organic acid alky ester from a feedstock containing organic acids and/or saponifiables, comprising: countercurrently contacting a feedstock with an organic alkylating reagent over two or more vessels or stages at temperature between 100? C. and 400? C. and pressure between 0.1 barg and 355 barg while simultaneously removing water and/or glycerin with unreacted alkylating reagent from the final vessel or stage to result in a first reaction method product containing organic acid alkyl esters, followed by a choice of using the alkyl esters as-is, purifying the organic acid alkyl esters from the first reaction product mixture or subjecting the first reaction product mixture to an additional transesterification reaction to convert saponifiables into additional organic acid alkyl esters, then purifying the organic acid alkyl esters from this second reaction method product.

The present invention relates to a method for the reactivation of homogeneous catalyst systems from organic reaction mixtures. The catalyst systems are suitable for the oxidation of organic compounds such as, for example, cyclododecene. The reactivation is carried out using an aqueous base.

The present invention relates to the use as perfuming ingredient of a compound of formula

##STR00001##

in the form of any one of its stereoisomers or a mixture thereof, and wherein one dotted line represents a carbon-carbon single bond and the other a carbon-carbon double bond; and R represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or alkenyl group; as well as to the perfuming composition and the consumer products containing said compound.

The present invention provides, inter alia, a compound having the structure:

##STR00001##

Also provided are compositions containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound according to the present invention. Further provided are methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of an excitotoxic disorder in a subject, methods of modulating ferroptosis in a subject, methods of reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell, and methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a neurodegenerative disease.

This invention provides efficient and scalable enantioselective methods that yield 2-alkyl-2-allylcycloalkyanone compounds with quaternary stereogenic centers. Methods include the method for the preparation of a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

comprising treating a compound of formula (II) or (III):

##STR00002##

with a palladium (II) catalyst under alkylation conditions.

The present invention relates to a laurolactam preparation method and synthesis apparatus, and epoxidation and a rearrangement reaction are performed in the conversion of cyclododecene into cyclododecanone so that the preparation method can synthesize laurolactam having a higher purity with a higher selectivity and in a higher yield than a conventional preparation method.

A method for preparing a tertiary alcohol having a formula (I)

##STR00001##

The method includes reacting cyclododecanone with an acrylate having a formula ROCOCH?CH.sub.2 in a reductive aldol reaction under a metal catalysis. R in the formula (I) is a straight-chain C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, a branched C.sub.1-C.sub.8-alkyl, a straight-chain alkenyl group, a branched alkenyl group, an unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted phenyl group.