The present invention relates to novel light-emitting materials. These materials comprise a side chain that includes a fully deuterated or partially deuterated alkyl chain. This new side chain could improve device lifetime compared to nondeuterated side chains.

Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment of cytopathic diseases. Cytopathic diseases may be caused by a variety means such as viral infections like HIV and AIDS, or the development of neoplasms in a mammalian subject. The methods and compositions of the invention are effective for inhibiting de novo HIV infection, upregulating viral expression from latent provirus, inhibiting HIV-induced cytopathic effects, down regulating the HIV receptor, increasing Th1 cytokine expression, decreasing Th2 cytokine expression, increasing ERK phosphorylation, inducing apoptosis in malignant cells, inducing remission, maintaining remission, as chemotherapeutic agents, as well as for decreasing symptoms of cytopathic diseases and opportunistic infections that may accompany such diseases. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent such as those used in HAART protocols, therapeutic agents used to treat opportunistic infections due to HIV, or chemotherapeutic agents to yield more effective treatment tools against cytopathic diseases in mammalian subjects.

Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment and prevention of stroke and the sequelae of stroke. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent to yield more effective treatment tools to treat or prevent stroke and the long term effects of stroke in mammalian subjects.

Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment of chronic and acute conditions. Such conditions may be caused by disease, be symptoms, treatments, or sequelae of disease. The phorbol esters described are particularly useful in the treatment of neoplastic diseases and/or managing the side effects of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic treatments of neoplastic diseases.

The present invention relates to methods of making fused ring compounds, such as indeno-fused naphthols, and fused ring indenopyran compounds, such as indeno-fused naphthopyrans, that each employ an unsaturated compound represented by the following Formula II. ##STR00001##
Referring to the unsaturated compound of Formula II: Ring-A can be selected from optionally substituted aryl (e.g., phenyl); m can be, for example, from 0 to 4; R.sup.1 for each m can be selected from optionally substituted hydrocarbyl (e.g., C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl) optionally interrupted with at least one linking group (e.g., O); and R.sup.3 and R.sup.16 can each be independently selected from, for example, hydrogen or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, such as C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl. When Ring-A is a phenyl group, the unsaturated compound represented by Formula II can be referred to as an unsaturated indanone acid/ester compound, or an indenone acid/ester compound (depending on whether R.sup.16 is hydrogen, or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group).

Provide is a polar compound having high chemical stability, high capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules, high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, and a large voltage holding ratio when the compound is used in a liquid crystal display device. A compound represented by formula (1) is applied.

##STR00001##

For example, in formula (1), P.sup.1 is any one of formulas (1b) to (1i), Sp is a single bond, Z is COO, and A is 1,4-phenylene.

##STR00002##

The present invention discloses a Ziegler-Natta catalyst system for olefin polymerization, comprising at least one compound represented by formula (I) as (i) an internal electron donor, (ii) an external electron donor, or (iii) the both, wherein M.sub.1, M.sub.2, M.sub.3, M.sub.4, M.sub.5, M.sub.6, M.sub.1, M.sub.2, M.sub.3, M.sub.4, M.sub.5 and M.sub.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, aldehyde group, carboxy, acyl, halogen atoms, R.sub.1 and OR.sub.2, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, amino, aldehyde group, carboxy, acyl, halogen atoms, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy and heteroatoms; and wherein, when among M.sub.1-M.sub.6 and M.sub.1-M.sub.6, any two adjacent groups on the same phenyl ring are each independently selected from the group consisting of R.sub.1 and OR.sub.2, the two adjacent groups may optionally be linked to form a ring, with a proviso that M.sub.1, M.sub.2, M.sub.3, M.sub.4, M.sub.5, M.sub.6, M.sub.1, M.sub.2, M.sub.3, M.sub.4, M.sub.5 and M.sub.6 are not simultaneously hydrogen.

##STR00001##

According to the present invention, as a monomer which is unlikely to be crystallized in a curable composition for manufacturing an optical member and which enables manufacture of a cured product having a high level of moisture-heat resistance, a compound represented by General Formula (A) is provided.

##STR00001##

In the formula, Ar.sup.11 and Ar.sup.12 each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; X.sup.1, Y.sup.1, X.sup.2, Y.sup.2, Z.sup.1, and Z.sup.2 each independently represent a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom, or the like; Ar.sup.13 and Ar.sup.14 each independently represent an arylene group or a heteroarylene group, where at least one of Ar.sup.13 or Ar.sup.14 is a group other than a phenylene group; R.sup.3 to R.sup.6 each independently represent a substituent, q and r each independently are an integer of 0 to 4, and v and w each independently are an integer of 0 or more; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each independently represent a single bond, an oxygen atom, an ester bond, or the like; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each independently represent a divalent linking group containing a branched alkylene group; and R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Provided are a condensed cyclic compound, a composition including the same, and an organic light-emitting device including a thin film formed from the composition. The condensed cyclic compound is represented by following Formula, has a molecular weight of about 400 to about 10,000, and comprises at least one cross-linkable group:

##STR00001##

Shown is a compound represented by formula (1). For example, R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons; MES is a mesogen group having at least one ring; Sp.sup.1 is a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; M.sup.1 is methyl; and R.sup.2, M.sup.2 and M.sup.3 are hydrogen. ##STR00001##