The present disclosure provides crystalline Compound I and crystalline Compound II, pharmaceutical compositions comprising one of said crystalline compounds suitable for intratympanic administration, and methods for treating otic disorders using the crystalline compounds and the pharmaceutical compositions.

Described herein is an iron(II)-phthalocyanine catalyzed CH bond amination of alkyl azides. The catalyst is effective to produce intramolecular amination of saturated CH bonds in moderate to excellent yields and the methods are tolerant of a wide scope of substrates. The methods described are useful for the synthesis of natural products derivatives and for the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals.

Described herein is an iron(II)-phthalocyanine catalyzed CH bond amination of alkyl azides. The catalyst is effective to produce intramolecular amination of saturated CH bonds in moderate to excellent yields and the methods are tolerant of a wide scope of substrates. The methods described are useful for the synthesis of natural products derivatives and for the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an optically active amino acid in high yield and in a highly enantioselective manner, which method has fewer restrictions on the material that can be used as the substrate, and to provide, among others, a compound useful as a chiral auxiliary for the method. The present invention provides an N-(2-acylaryl)-2-[5,7-dihydro-6H-dibenzo[c,e]azepin-6-yl]acetamide compound represented by Formula (1): ##STR00001##
or a salt thereof, or a metal complex represented, by Formula (3): ##STR00002##

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes a compound of Formula 1:

##STR00001##

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, due to the inclusion of the compound of Formula 1, characteristics of an organic light-emitting device may be improved.

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes a compound of Formula 1:

##STR00001##

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, due to the inclusion of the compound of Formula 1, characteristics of an organic light-emitting device may be improved.

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for treating neuronal and mitochondrial diseases.

This document provides methods and materials for increasing the level of phosphorylated AMPK. For example, compounds (e.g., organic compounds) having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, formulations containing compounds having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, methods for making compounds having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, methods for making formulations containing compounds having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, methods for increasing the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, and methods for treating mammals (e.g., humans) having a condition responsive to an increase in the level of phosphorylated AMPK are provided.

This document provides methods and materials for increasing the level of phosphorylated AMPK. For example, compounds (e.g., organic compounds) having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, formulations containing compounds having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, methods for making compounds having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, methods for making formulations containing compounds having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, methods for increasing the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, and methods for treating mammals (e.g., humans) having a condition responsive to an increase in the level of phosphorylated AMPK are provided.

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for treating neuronal and mitochondrial diseases.