A compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound is an inhibitor of a histone deacetylase, and as such is useful in therapy, e.g. in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, mental disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and hyperproliferative disorders.

A compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound is an inhibitor of a histone deacetylase, and as such is useful in therapy, e.g. in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, mental disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and hyperproliferative disorders.

The present invention relates to a novel compound and an organic electroluminescent device including the same, and by using the compound according to the present invention in an organic material layer, preferably a light emitting layer, of an organic electroluminescent device, luminous efficiency, driving voltage, lifetime and the like of the organic electroluminescent device may be enhanced.

Compounds that have ultraviolet light absorbing properties, and which can also have mesogenic properties. Compositions that include one or more such compounds. Articles of manufacture that include one or more such compounds, such as optical elements that include an optical substrate and a layer that includes at least one such compound.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): and related aspects.

##STR00001##

A compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib)

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound is an inhibitor of a histone deacetylase, and as such is useful in therapy, e.g. in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, mental disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and hyperproliferative disorders.

A compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib)

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound is an inhibitor of a histone deacetylase, and as such is useful in therapy, e.g. in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, mental disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and hyperproliferative disorders.

Provided are a compound represented by the following Formula (III), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof used as a therapeutic agent for gout or hyperuricemia. (In the Formula (III), R.sup.1a, R.sup.2a, R.sup.6a, and R.sup.7a represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyano group, R.sup.3a and R.sup.8a form a benzene ring or a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms, as a ring constituent element, selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms together with two carbon atoms to which R.sup.3a and R.sup.8a are bonded, R.sup.4a and R.sup.5a form a benzene ring together with two carbon atoms to which R.sup.4a and R.sup.5a are bonded or represent any of the groups represented by R.sup.1a described above, W.sup.a represents CR.sup.10a or N, and where, R.sup.10a represents any of the groups represented by R.sup.1a, X.sup.a represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y.sup.a represents an alkylene chain having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and where, the alkylene chain may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and the alkylene chain may be a linear or branched alkylene chain, the branched alkylene chain may have a 3- to 7-membered ring formed by side chains bonded to carbon atoms which are the same as or different from each other, together with the carbon atoms to which the side chains are bonded and may have a double bond in the middle thereof, and Z.sup.a represents CO.sub.2H). ##STR00001##

Provided are a compound represented by the following Formula (III), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof used as a therapeutic agent for gout or hyperuricemia. (In the Formula (III), R.sup.1a, R.sup.2a, R.sup.6a, and R.sup.7a represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyano group, R.sup.3a and R.sup.8a form a benzene ring or a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms, as a ring constituent element, selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and sulfur atoms together with two carbon atoms to which R.sup.3a and R.sup.8a are bonded, R.sup.4a and R.sup.5a form a benzene ring together with two carbon atoms to which R.sup.4a and R.sup.5a are bonded or represent any of the groups represented by R.sup.1a described above, W.sup.a represents CR.sup.10a or N, and where, R.sup.10a represents any of the groups represented by R.sup.1a, X.sup.a represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y.sup.a represents an alkylene chain having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and where, the alkylene chain may be substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and the alkylene chain may be a linear or branched alkylene chain, the branched alkylene chain may have a 3- to 7-membered ring formed by side chains bonded to carbon atoms which are the same as or different from each other, together with the carbon atoms to which the side chains are bonded and may have a double bond in the middle thereof, and Z.sup.a represents CO.sub.2H). ##STR00001##

Carboxy-substituted (hetero)aryl derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of preparing such compounds and compositions are provided. The compounds or compositions are useful in inhibiting xanthine oxidase and urate anion transporter 1, and also can be used in the treatment or prevention of diseases associated with high blood uric acid level in mammals, especially humans.