Compounds are provided having the structure of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, homolog, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein R is as defined herein. Such compounds serve as modulators of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor, and have utility for treatment of a malcondition for which activation of this receptor is medically indicated.

##STR00001##

Compounds are provided having the structure of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, homolog, hydrate or solvate thereof, wherein R is as defined herein. Such compounds serve as modulators of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor, and have utility for treatment of a malcondition for which activation of this receptor is medically indicated.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4-cyanobenzoyl chlorides of formula I through reaction of compounds of formula II with a chlorinating agent.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4-cyanobenzoyl chlorides of formula I through reaction of compounds of formula II with a chlorinating agent.

##STR00001##

Disclosed is processes for producing amide compounds, and their crystalline and salts form. Herein, one of the amide compounds is represented by the following formula (1): which is characterized by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern having peaks at about 14.2, 15.6, 16.4, 20.1, 20.5 and 21.2°±0.2° 2θ.

##STR00001##

Provided are compounds of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A, Z, B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, G.sub.1, G.sub.2, and G.sub.3 are as defined herein. Also provided is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Provided are compounds of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A, Z, B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, G.sub.1, G.sub.2, and G.sub.3 are as defined herein. Also provided is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A compound for use in the treatment of a disease ameliorated by the inhibition of Notum of formula (I): (I) ##STR00001##

A compound for use in the treatment of a disease ameliorated by the inhibition of Notum of formula (I): (I) ##STR00001##

Provided are compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A, Z, B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, G.sub.1, G.sub.2, and G.sub.3 are as defined herein.

Also provided is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Also provided are methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.